Biomolecules: Week 2

Question 1

What are the 4 classes or groups of biomolecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids

Question 2

What are Macromolecules?

Answer 2

the main biomolecules that are very large polymers made of repeating monomers.

Question 3

How does the dehydration synthesis work?

Answer 3

When the monomers are joined by removal of OH from one monomer and H from the other side of the bond formation.

Question 4

True or False: Monomers are linked by covalent bond.

Answer 4

True. They are linked by covalent bonds.

Question 5

Explain the process of Hydrolysis.

Answer 5

Monomers are released by adding a water molecule, OH to one monomer and H to the other.

Question 6

What does anabolic mean?

Answer 6

creating bonds to build larger products.

Question 7

What dies catabolic mean?

Answer 7

breaking down larger compounds into smaller products.

Question 8

Monomers or “building blocks” of carbohydrates are_____.

Answer 8

Monosaccharides (ex. glucose).

Question 9

What are the subunits of Carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

Question 10

What is the major polysaccharide (many sugars) found in humans?

Answer 10

Glycogen

Question 11

What is the major polysaccharide found in plants. NOTE: THERE’S 2

Answer 11

Starch (plant food) and Cellulose (plants structure)

Question 12

When u cook starch, what happens to it?

Answer 12

It breaks down and turn to di/monosaccharides (caramelizing)

Question 13

Chemical energy means…

Answer 13

potential energy available for release in chemical reactions

Question 14

True or False: Molecules with lots of hydrocarbon bonds have lots of chemical energy.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Starch is used for….

Answer 15

energy in plants

Question 16

Glycogen is used for ….

Answer 16

energy in animals

Question 17

True or False: Glycogen is more highly branched than starch.

Answer 17

True. Glycogen is more highly branched than starch.

Question 18

True or False: Glycogen and Starch are both polymers of glucose.

Answer 18

True. Glycogen and Starch are both polymers of glucose.

Question 19

What is the definition of Polysaccharide?

Answer 19

A complex polymer of sugars and amino acids; the substance from which bacterial cell walls are made.

Question 20

What is the main function of Penicillin?

Answer 20

Binds and blocks enzymes that strengthen peptidoglycan strands in cell wall.

Question 21

Where are glycoproteins position at in the cell membrane?

Answer 21

Inserted into the cell membrane

Question 22

Glycoproteins are bonded to ______.

Answer 22

Polysaccharides

Question 23

Glycoproteins act as a ______. Each cell type has different ____ of glycoproteins. Immune system uses glycoproteins to tell “self” from ____.

Answer 23

1. cell identification system
2. sets
3. foreign

Question 24

Lipids are also known as ___.

Answer 24

Fats

Question 25

What are the 4 major groups of Lipids?

Answer 25

1. Triglycerides 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids 4. Eicosanoids

Question 26

Monomers or "building blocks" of lipids are ____.

Answer 26

Fatty acids and Glycerol

Question 27

Triglycerides have 1 _____ + 3 ____.

Answer 27

Glycerol Fatty acids

Question 28

A saturated triglyceride has only _____ bonds.

Answer 28

single

Question 29

An unsaturated triglyceride has only _____ bonds.

Answer 29

double-bond

Question 30

Triglycerides main functions are: (4)

Answer 30

1. Energy storage 2. protection 3. insulation 4. vitamin storage

Question 31

Phospholipids have 1 ____ and 2 ____ + phosphate containing molecule.

Answer 31

Glycerol fatty acid

Question 32

Phospholipids are essential in the _________ structure.

Answer 32

Cell membrane's

Question 33

The plasma membrane is made of _______.

Answer 33

Phospholipids

Question 34

What is the building blocks for other steroids?

Answer 34

Cholesterol

Question 35

Steroids are in a 4 ring like structure of carbon. true or false?

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from ________ 20-C fatty acids.

Answer 36

oxidized

Question 37

Eicosanoids is important in: (3 examples)

Answer 37

- Inflammation - Pain Sensation - Blood Clotting

Question 38

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Thromboxane, Prostacyclin, are examples of what?

Answer 38

Eicosanoids

Question 39

Polysaccharides contain _____ composed of two ______.

Answer 39

Disaccharides Monosaccharides

Question 40

Monomers or "building blocks" of proteins are ....

Answer 40

Amino Acids

Question 41

What group of biomolecules function in building tissues, structure maintenance and repair?

Answer 41

Protein

Question 42

What group of biomolecules includes enzymes?

Answer 42

Proteins

Question 43

This type of biomolecule is nonpolar; it does not dissolve in water.

Answer 43

Lipids

Question 44

Long-term, backup energy storage an insulation is the function of which biomolecule?

Answer 44

Lipids