Biomolecules & Water Flashcards
What do organic molecules contain?
Carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms
What is a macromolecule?
Molecules containing a very large number of atoms
What is a polymer?
- A long chain made up of linking multiple individual moelcules (monmers) in a repearting pattern
- The monomers are joined together by a covalent bond through a condensation reaction
What is a monomer?
- An individual molecule (repeating unit) that can be covalently bonded to other similar/identical molecules to form a polymer
What are examples of inorganic molecules?
- Water and minerals
- Ions
- Salts
What are some important inorganic cations?
- Sodium ion
- Potassium ion
- Calcium ion
- Hydrogen ion
- Ammonium ion
What are some important inorganic anions?
- Chloride ion
- Hydroxide ion
- Nitrate ion
- Phosphate ion
- Hydrogen carbonate ion
What are the functional groups of biomolecules?
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Draw the interconnection of hydrolysis and condensation reactions?
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Draw a chart for the four main biomolecules with monomers, polymers, elements and bonding?
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Draw and label two water molecules.
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What does polar mean?
A molecule or functional group that has an unequal distribution of charge
What is the role of calcium ions?
- Part of bone and enamel structure as calcium phosphate
- A cofactor in blood clotting
- An ion involved in nerve impulse transmission across the synaps and in muscle contraction
What is the role of sodium ions?
- An electrolyte
- Essential function in nerve impulse transmission
- Essential in kidney function
- Essential in water reabsportion in loop of Henle and collecting duct
What is the role of potassium ions?
- An electrolyte
- Essential in nerve impulse transmission
- Essential in water reabsportion in loop of Henle and collecting duct
- Used in plant guard cells as part of the stomatal opening mechanism
What is the role of hydrogen ions?
- Involved in hydrolysis and condensation reactions
- Involved in ATP formation
- Involved in the control of blood pH and in the transport of carbon dioxide
- Essential in pH determination
- Catalysis of reactions
What is the role of ammonium ions?
- Production of nitrate ions by bacteria
- An intermediate ion in the deamination of proteins
What is the role nitrate ions?
- Nitrogen source for green plants to manafacture proteins and amino acids; it is the form taken up from the soil
What is the role of hydrogen carbonate ions?
- Involved in carbon dioxide transport in the blood with hydrogen ions
- Maintenence of blood pH
What is the role of chloride ions?
- The shift of chloride ions into and out of red blood cells maintains pH balance during carbon dioxide transport
- Balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells
What is the role of phosphate ions?
- As phospholipids, phosphates form part of cell membranes
- Forms calcium phosphate, an important constituent of bone for giving strength
- Involved in ATP and nucleic acid formation
What is the role of hydroxide ions?
- Involved in hydrolysis and condensation reactions
- pH determination
- Catalysisn of reactions
What are the properties of water? And what are their biological significances?
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