Biomolecules & Water

Question 1

What do organic molecules contain?

Answer 1

Carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms

Question 2

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 2

Molecules containing a very large number of atoms

Question 3

What is a polymer?

Answer 3

• A long chain made up of linking multiple individual moelcules (monmers) in a repearting pattern
• The monomers are joined together by a covalent bond through a condensation reaction

Question 4

What is a monomer?

Answer 4

• An individual molecule (repeating unit) that can be covalently bonded to other similar/identical molecules to form a polymer

Question 5

What are examples of inorganic molecules?

Answer 5

• Water and minerals
• Ions
• Salts

Question 6

What are some important inorganic cations?

Answer 6

• Sodium ion
• Potassium ion
• Calcium ion
• Hydrogen ion
• Ammonium ion

Question 7

What are some important inorganic anions?

Answer 7

• Chloride ion
• Hydroxide ion
• Nitrate ion
• Phosphate ion
• Hydrogen carbonate ion

Question 8

What are the functional groups of biomolecules?

Answer 8

Answer on revision card

Question 9

Draw the interconnection of hydrolysis and condensation reactions?

Answer 9

Answer on revision card

Question 10

Draw a chart for the four main biomolecules with monomers, polymers, elements and bonding?

Answer 10

Answer on revision card

Question 11

Draw and label two water molecules.

Answer 11

Answer on revision card

Question 12

What does polar mean?

Answer 12

A molecule or functional group that has an unequal distribution of charge

Question 13

What is the role of calcium ions?

Answer 13

• Part of bone and enamel structure as calcium phosphate
• A cofactor in blood clotting
• An ion involved in nerve impulse transmission across the synaps and in muscle contraction

Question 14

What is the role of sodium ions?

Answer 14

• An electrolyte
• Essential function in nerve impulse transmission
• Essential in kidney function
• Essential in water reabsportion in loop of Henle and collecting duct

Question 15

What is the role of potassium ions?

Answer 15

• An electrolyte
• Essential in nerve impulse transmission
• Essential in water reabsportion in loop of Henle and collecting duct
• Used in plant guard cells as part of the stomatal opening mechanism

Question 16

What is the role of hydrogen ions?

Answer 16

• Involved in hydrolysis and condensation reactions
• Involved in ATP formation
• Involved in the control of blood pH and in the transport of carbon dioxide
• Essential in pH determination
• Catalysis of reactions

Question 17

What is the role of ammonium ions?

Answer 17

• Production of nitrate ions by bacteria
• An intermediate ion in the deamination of proteins

Question 18

What is the role nitrate ions?

Answer 18

• Nitrogen source for green plants to manafacture proteins and amino acids; it is the form taken up from the soil

Question 19

What is the role of hydrogen carbonate ions?

Answer 19

• Involved in carbon dioxide transport in the blood with hydrogen ions
• Maintenence of blood pH

Question 20

What is the role of chloride ions?

Answer 20

• The shift of chloride ions into and out of red blood cells maintains pH balance during carbon dioxide transport
• Balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells

Question 21

What is the role of phosphate ions?

Answer 21

• As phospholipids, phosphates form part of cell membranes
• Forms calcium phosphate, an important constituent of bone for giving strength
• Involved in ATP and nucleic acid formation

Question 22

What is the role of hydroxide ions?

Answer 22

• Involved in hydrolysis and condensation reactions
• pH determination
• Catalysisn of reactions

Question 23

What are the properties of water? And what are their biological significances?

Answer 23

Answer on OneNote