Biomolecules and enzymes

Question 1

What makes carbon so versatile?

Answer 1

Carbon can form bonds with up to 4 other atoms

Question 2

monomer

Answer 2

small units that make up a polymer (the individual legos)

Question 3

Polymer

Answer 3

A large molecule made up of monomers (the character built by legos)

Question 4

Carbohydrate elements

Answer 4

Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen

Question 5

Carbohydrate functions

Answer 5

• Quick source of energy
• some act as structure or support

Question 6

carbohydrate monomer

Answer 6

Monosaccharide
| |
V V
One sugar

Question 7

Carbohydrate Polymer

Answer 7

Polysaccharide
| |
V V
Many sugars

Question 8

carbohydrate examples

Answer 8

Bread, starch, glucose, rice, fruits, veggies

Question 9

carbohydrate shape

Answer 9

hexagon (ring)

Question 10

Protein elements

Answer 10

• carbon
• oxygen
• hydrogen
• nitrogen

Question 11

protein function

Answer 11

• builds and restores muscles
• enzymes
• hormones
• make up antibodies that fight off infection

Question 12

protein monomer

Answer 12

amino acids

Question 13

protein polymer

Answer 13

polypeptide

Question 14

high protein foods:

Answer 14

lean meat, nuts, milk, eggs

Question 15

protein shape

Answer 15

folded amino acid chains (active site)

Question 16

Nucleic Acids elements

Answer 16

• carbon
• hydrogen
• oxygen
• nitrogen
• phospherus

Question 17

Nucleic Acids function

Answer 17

stores and transmits genetic info

Question 18

nucleic acid monomer

Answer 18

nucleotide

Question 19

nucleic acid polymer

Answer 19

nucleic acid

Question 20

nucleic acid examples

Answer 20

DNA, RNA

Question 21

nucleic acid shape

Answer 21

singular or double helix (DNA)

Question 22

Lipids

Answer 22

FAT

Question 23

lipids function

Answer 23

• stores energy long-term
• essential component of cell membrane

Question 24

lipids monomer

Answer 24

no true monomer

Question 25

lipids polymer

Answer 25

no true polymer

Question 26

lipids examples

Answer 26

Triglycerides- fats & oils, obtained from eating food
Phospholipids- make up cell membranes
Steroids- sex hormones, cholesterol

Question 27

lipid shape

Answer 27

hydrophobic head with fatty acid tails on inside

Question 28

organic

Answer 28

any molecule that contains carbon

Question 29

what do chemical reactions do

Answer 29

chemical reactions convert reactants to products, by breaking or forming bonds between substances

Question 30

what gets reactions started?

Answer 30

ENERGY!
specifically called activation energy

Question 31

What are Catalysts and how do they work?

Answer 31

CATALYSTS: substances that speed up chemical reactions
- they decrease activation energy in order to increase the reaction rate

Question 32

Enzymes

Answer 32

• Enzymes are catalysts in all living things
• needed for basically all chemical reactions
• most are protein!

Question 33

enzyme structure

Answer 33

• only certain reactants are allowed to bind to the enzyme
• those certain reactants are called substrates
• the place where they bind is called the active site

Question 34

how do enzymes work

Answer 34

the substrate (reactants) fit into the enzyme at the active site.
the enzyme will either…
A. CREATE A BOND between the substrates to create products
B. BREAK THE BOND between the substrates to create products

Question 35

what happens if the shape of the active site changes

Answer 35

The enzyme can no longer work, aka it will become DENATURED or broken down
– since the reactants would no longer be able to fit into the active site, meaning no reactions can occur anymore

Question 36

what are the conditions an enzyme must have to function?

Answer 36

1. optimum temperature
   changes in temperature can change the shape of the enzyme
2. optimum pH level
   changes in pH can change the shape of the enzyme

Question 37

enzyme activity depending on pH

Answer 37

optimum pH = maximum value of enzyme activity
above or below optimum pH = the enzyme activity decreases