Biomolecules

Question 1

General formula for Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Cx(H2O)y

Question 2

monosaccharides

Answer 2

• simple sugars
• take shape as hexoses and pentoses
• bind together in condensation reactions to form glycosidic bonds

Question 3

Disaccharides

Answer 3

• two simple sugars linked by covalent bonds

- form by glycosidic linkages

Question 4

Olgosaccharides

Answer 4

• 3-20 monosaccharides

- act as recognition signals (eg: for blood groups) by covalently bonding to proteins and lipids on cell surfaces.

Question 5

Polysaccharides

Answer 5

hundreds/thousands of monosaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose)

Question 6

Main sugar forms

Answer 6

Glucose, Mannose, Lactose

Question 7

Starch

Answer 7

storage of glucose in plants

A mix of branched and long chain polysaccharides

Question 8

Glycogen

Answer 8

storage of glucose in animals

very branched

Question 9

Cellulose

Answer 9

structural component, very stable

Question 10

Ampipathic

Answer 10

contains both hydrophobic and hydrophillic regions

Question 11

Lipid forms

Answer 11

Steroids, Terpenes and carotenoids

Question 12

Steroid chemical arrangement

Answer 12

tetracyclic compounds with three 6-membered rings and one 5-membered ring.

Question 13

Nucleoside

Answer 13

sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) and a base

Question 14

Nucleotide

Answer 14

a nucleoside and a phosphate

Question 15

The sugar phosphate backbone is bonded by..

Answer 15

phosphodiester linkages

Question 16

ATP

Answer 16

gives energy to biochemical reactions

Question 17

GTP

Answer 17

gives energy in protein synthesis

Question 18

cAMP

Answer 18

essential for hormone function and information transmission in the nervous system