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Biology - All about Cells > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

the source of all energy, made up of sugars

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2
Q

The five types of Sugars?

A

glucose, monosaccharides, fructose, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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3
Q

What is glucose?

A

comes from the sun, has energy for the cells that need it

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4
Q

What is fructose?

A

sweeter, processed by our bodies in different ways

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5
Q

What is disaccharides?

A

two monosaccharides put together

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6
Q

What is monosaccharides?

A

one sugar

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7
Q

What are the two glucose that form sucrose?

A

glucose + fructose

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8
Q

What are the two glucose that form lactose?

A

glucose + galactose

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9
Q

What are the two glucose that form maltose?

A

glucose + glucose

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10
Q

What are cellulose?

A

a bunch of glucose molecules together, most common organic compound, very hard to digest (ex. grass)

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11
Q

What is polysaccharides?

A

can contain thousands of simple sugars, storing energy

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12
Q

What is triglycerides?

A

three fatty acids connected to a glycerol

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13
Q

What are lipids?

A

fatty acids like glycogen, and phospholipid

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14
Q

What are Glycogen?

A

store carbohydrate energy (sugar)

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15
Q

What is Phospholipid?

A

created a cell membrane wall, attracted to water (polar), non-polar avoids water

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16
Q

what are Enzymes?

A

help digest food

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17
Q

What are Antibodies?

A

connects to invaders like bacteria and virus so that your immune system can get them!

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18
Q

What does Saturated mean?

A

connected to at least two hydrogen items

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19
Q

what does Unsaturated mean?

A

not able to pick up hydrogen items

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20
Q

What are Steroids used to form?

A

can be used to form hundreds of variations

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21
Q

What are Cholesterol?

A

bonds with phospholipids to form cell walls, can be activated to turn into Lipid Hormones

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22
Q

Proteins

A

enzymes, antibodies, amino acids polypeptides

23
Q

Protein hormones

A

make you feel emotions

24
Q

Amino Acids

A

important organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic acid functional groups, made of valine and tryptophan

25
Q

Valine

A

does protecting and building muscle tissue

26
Q

Tryptophan

A

helping you regulate mood and energy levels

27
Q

Polypeptides

A

long chain elaborate in a structure, they fold and twist

28
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

29
Q

Cells

A

divided into millions of tiny sections

30
Q

Tissue

A

cells living with other cells in groups

31
Q

Cytoplasm

A

blob of jelly-like fuid

32
Q

Cell membrane

A

surrounds the cytoplasm, the membrane let’s good stuff in and keeps bad stuff out

33
Q

Organelles

A

floats around in the cytoplasm, they do all the work that cells need to do like make proteins, turn food into energy, and get rid of waste

34
Q

Lysosome and Peroxysome

A

to remove waste

35
Q

Genes

A

controls all of an organisms functions

36
Q

What are made of Eukaryotic cells?

A

plants and animals, including people

37
Q

Nucleus

A

central part, genes and the membrane form an organelle

38
Q

Prokaryotic

A

has no nucleus, floats free in the cytoplasm, most are single celled bacteria

39
Q

bone cells

A

are star shaped

40
Q

`muscle cells

A

have to be stretchy

41
Q

nerve cells

A

can be really long, so they can carry signals from one part of the body to another

42
Q

red blood cells

A

shaped like little bowls

43
Q

What do plant cells have?

A

a rigid cell wall to maintain their shape

44
Q

Mitosis

A

the nucleus splits apart, the cell stretches out and then separates into two identical nuclei

45
Q

Chromosomes

A

two DNA molecules

46
Q

Centromere

A

holds the chromosome together in the middle

47
Q

Four steps in Mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

48
Q

Prophase

A

chromosomes are visible

49
Q

Metaphase

A

duplicated chromosomes line up along the center of the cell

50
Q

Anaphase

A

identical chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

51
Q

Telophase

A

spindle fibers start to disappear, chromosomes uncoil and it becomes harder to see them

52
Q

What to animal cells have?

A

centrioles

53
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

its when it splits in half twice, producing four separate cells in which each are distinct from the others

Biology - All about Cells (1 decks)

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