Biomolecules

Question 1

What are biomolecules?

Answer 1

Molecules in life that supply energy and nutrients to sustain life and survive in everyday

Question 2

What are the six most common elements in biomolecules?

Answer 2

C, H, O, N, P, S

Question 3

What are the main classes of biomolecules?

Answer 3

Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

Question 4

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Providing energy and structural support

Question 5

What is the formal name for carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Saccharides

Question 6

What is the caloric intake for carbohydrates?

Answer 6

4 kilocalories per gram

Question 7

What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?

Answer 7

1:2:1

Question 8

Give examples of carbohydrates.

Answer 8

• Bananas
• Bread
• Broccoli
• Corn
• Candies
• Chocolates
• Pastas
• Fruits

Question 9

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 10

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 10

The simplest sugar and the basic subunit of a carbohydrate

Question 11

Name three common monosaccharides.

Answer 11

• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose

Question 12

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 12

Formed by condensation and hydrolysis reactions

Question 13

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 13

A complex carbohydrate made up of many smaller units

Question 14

Name four types of polysaccharides.

Answer 14

• Starch
• Glycogen
• Cellulose
• Chitin

Question 15

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 15

Act as chemical messengers, produce hormones, store food

Question 16

What is the caloric intake for lipids?

Answer 16

9 kilocalories per gram

Question 17

What is the ratio of elements in lipids?

Answer 17

C, H, O with a ratio of 1:2<1

Question 18

What are the monomers of lipids?

Answer 18

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 19

What are the two types of lipids based on saturation?

Answer 19

• Saturated
• Unsaturated

Question 20

What defines saturated lipids?

Answer 20

All carbon bonds are single bonds, solid at room temperature

Question 21

What defines unsaturated lipids?

Answer 21

At least one double or triple bond between carbons, liquid at room temperature

Question 22

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 22

Building tissues, transporting molecules, growth, repair

Question 23

What are proteins formally known as?

Answer 23

Polypeptides

Question 24

What is the caloric intake for proteins?

Answer 24

4 kilocalories per gram

Question 25

What elements are found in proteins?

Answer 25

C, H, O, N

Question 26

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 26

Amino acids

Question 27

How many different amino acids are there?

Answer 27

20 different amino acids

Question 28

What is the importance of amino acids?

Answer 28

They build muscles and fight disease-causing bacteria

Question 29

What are nucleic acids used for?

Answer 29

Transferring genetic information and storing genetic codes

Question 30

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 30

• DNA
• RNA

Question 31

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 31

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 32

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 32

Ribonucleic acid

Question 33

What are the components of DNA and RNA?

Answer 33

• Sugar or ribose
• Phosphate group
• Nitrogenous bases

Question 34

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 34

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 35

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

Answer 35

Nucleotides

Question 36

What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

Answer 36

• DNA
• RNA
• ATP

Question 37

What is the role of ATP in nucleic acids?

Answer 37

Provides energy for plant production

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The genetic codes in DNA are represented as _____ and _____ pairs.

Answer 38

T—A and C—G

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The genetic codes in RNA are represented as _____ and _____ pairs.

Answer 39

A—U and C—G