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GENBIO > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

These are large molecules that are important components of living systems.

A

Biological macromolecules

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2
Q

Performing a variety of functions, they are vital to sustaining life. ​

A

Biological macromolecules

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3
Q

Who coined the term macromolecule

A

Nobel Laureate Hermann Staudinger

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4
Q

He was a German organic chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules

A

Nobel Laureate Hermann Staudinger

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5
Q

Staudinger characterized macromolecules as

A

polymers

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6
Q

these are very large molecules of many atoms covalently bonded​

A

inorganic biomolecule

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7
Q

storage of energy in inorganic biomolecule

A

covalent bonds

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8
Q

types of biological molecules

A

carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids

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9
Q

other term for carbohydrates

A

saccharides

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10
Q

made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

A

carbohydrates

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11
Q

ratio of CHO in carbohydrates

A

1:2:1

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12
Q

carbohydrates, energy production is through

A

glycolysis

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13
Q

energy storage for animals

A

glycogen

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14
Q

energy storage for plants

A

starch

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15
Q

structural components of animal

A

chitin

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16
Q

structural components of plants

A

cellulose

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17
Q

3 categories of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides

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18
Q

single carbohydrate molecule

A

monosaccharides

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19
Q

examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose
fructose
galactose

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20
Q

Two chemically bound monosaccharides

A

disaccharides

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21
Q

examples of disaccharides

A

sucrose (fructose-glucose)
lactose (glucose-galactose)

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22
Q

multiple number of monosaccharides

A

polysaccharides

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23
Q

examples of polysaccharides

A

glycogen, starch

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24
Q

macromolecules made primarily of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen​

A

Proteins

25
Q

basic unit of proteins

A

amino acids

26
Q

it could also be a hormone

A

protein

27
Q

example of protein as a hormone

A

insulin

28
Q

2 structure of proteins

A

peptide bonds
polypeptide chains

29
Q

the sequence and the number of amino acids ultimately determine the protein’s shape, size, and function.​

A

peptide bonds

30
Q

The resulting chain of amino acids

A

polypeptide chains

31
Q

has a free amino group at one end

A

polypeptide chains

32
Q

parts of protein

A

amino group, carboxyl group, r side chain

33
Q

types of protein structure

A

primary protein structure
secondary protein structure
tertiary protein structure
quaternary protein structure

34
Q

sequence of a chain of amino acid before folding

A

primary protein structure

35
Q

hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes amino acids to fold in repeating pattern

A

secondary protein structure

36
Q

three dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

A

tertiary protein structure

37
Q

protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain.

A

quaternary protein structure

38
Q

are the substances that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents but are usually insoluble in water such as fats.​

A

lipids

39
Q

fat molecule two main components

A

glycerol
fatty acids

40
Q

an alcohol with three carbons, five hydrogens, and three hydroxyl (OH) groups.

A

glycerol

41
Q

have a long chain of hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group attached and may have 4-36 carbons; however, most of them have 12-18.​

A

fatty acids

42
Q

2 types of fats

A

saturated fats
unsaturated fats

43
Q

types of lipids

A

waxes
phospholipids
steroids
cholesterol

44
Q

these are nonpolar lipids that plants and animals use for protection and have many functions​

A

waxes

45
Q

these are amphipathic molecules that make up the bilayer of the plasma membrane and keep the membrane fluid.​

A

phospolipids

46
Q

play roles in reproduction, absorption, metabolism regulation, and brain activity.​

A

steroid

47
Q

is the most common steroid and is mainly synthesized in the liver; it is the precursor to vitamin D.​

A

cholesterol

48
Q

a long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides.

A

nucleic acid

49
Q

nucleic acid is composed of

A

nucleotides

50
Q

two main types of nucleic acids

A

DNA
RNA

51
Q

3 components of nucleotide

A

nitrogenous base
five carbon sugar
phosphate groups

52
Q

2 types of nitrogenous base

A

pyrimidine
purine

53
Q

C (Cytosine), T (Thymine) and U (Uracil)​

A

pyrimidine

54
Q

A (Adenine) and G (Guanine)​

A

purine

55
Q

a sugar with 5 carbon atoms

A

pentose

56
Q

sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

57
Q

sugar in RNA

A

ribose

58
Q

A chemical group made up of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, with a net negative charge.​

A

phosphate groups

GENBIO (4 decks)

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