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MCAS BIO Prep > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

This study deck helps high school students identify the defining characteristics of macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It also covers the functions of enzymes.

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The most plentiful element in our body

A

Carbon

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2
Q

The main element in Nucleic Acids and Proteins

A

Nitrogen

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3
Q

The form of energy responsible for carrying out metabolic functions (all body functions)

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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4
Q

Sulfur is found in which macromolecule

A

Proteins

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5
Q

What are the four major macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

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6
Q

What element is found in ALL organic molecules?

A

Carbon

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7
Q

What atoms are found in Carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO)

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8
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Building block of a macromolecule

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9
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Many monomers (building blocks) put together

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10
Q

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

A

Monosaccharide (simple sugar)

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11
Q

Examples of simple sugars:

A

glucose, fructose, cellulose

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12
Q

Which carbohydrate is used for structure in plants?

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

If a word ends in “-ose” this means it is what type of molecue?

A

a sugar / carbohydrate

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14
Q

Which macromolecule is the main source of quick energy for all living things?

A

Carbohydrate (sugar)

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15
Q

Which macromolecule is the main source of stored/ long-term energy in plants and animals?

A

Lipids

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16
Q

What is the monomer of Lipids

A

Fatty Acid

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17
Q

What is the structure of a carbohydrate?

A

One or more ring structures

18
Q

What are the atoms found in lipids?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO)

19
Q

Examples of lipids are:

A

fats, oils, waxes, and steroids

20
Q

Which atoms are found in Nucleic Acids?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous (CHONP)

21
Q

Which macromolecule creates the semi-permeable cell membrane?

A

Lipids (phosphoLIPID by-layer)

22
Q

What is the monomer of a Nucleic Acid?

A

Nucleotide

23
Q

What is the function of Nucleic Acids?

A

store and transmit genetic information

24
Q

What are two examples of a Nucleic Acid?

A

DNA and RNA

25
Q

Which macromolecule is made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?

A

Nucleic Acid

26
Q

What atoms are found in proteins?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur (CHONS)

27
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

Amino acids

28
Q

Many amino acid bonded together in a chain is called:

A

polypetide

29
Q

What are some functions of proteins (there are quite a few)?

A

control rate of reactions in our body (enzymes), structure of cells/tissue, transport of substances in and out of cells (protein channels/pumps, hemoglobin), fight diseases (antibodies)

30
Q

Which macromolecule consists of an amino group (-NH), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a variable R-group all attached to a central Carbon atom?

A

Proteins

31
Q

What is a biological catalyst?

A

something that speeds up chemical reactions in the body/organism

32
Q

A type of protein that is a biological catalyst?

A

Enzyme

33
Q

True or False: Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to happen

A

True

34
Q

True or False: Enzymes have very specific functions and can only catalyze one reaction

A

True

35
Q

The molecule(s) or reactants that an enzyme changes is called:

A

substrate

36
Q

What is the site ON the enzyme that the substrate binds with?

A

Active site

37
Q

True or False: Active sites accept any and all enzyme

A

False - substrates and active sites MUST match in shape (like a lock and key)

38
Q

True or False: Enzymes can function in ANY environment

A

False - factors such as temperature and pH (acidity) can changes how well an enzyme works

39
Q

What does it mean when an enzyme denatures?

A

it changes shape/falls apart and no longer functions properly

40
Q

True or False: cold temperatures speed up enzyme activity

A

False - low temperatures slow down enzymes / chemical reaction

41
Q

True or False: very high temperatures denature enzymes

A

True

42
Q

True or False: enzymes have a specific temperature range they work best

A

True

MCAS BIO Prep (1 decks)

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