Biomolecules

Question 1

The most plentiful element in our body

Answer 1

Carbon

Question 2

The main element in Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Answer 2

Nitrogen

Question 3

The form of energy responsible for carrying out metabolic functions (all body functions)

Answer 3

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 4

Sulfur is found in which macromolecule

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

What are the four major macromolecules?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Question 6

What element is found in ALL organic molecules?

Answer 6

Carbon

Question 7

What atoms are found in Carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO)

Question 8

What is a monomer?

Answer 8

Building block of a macromolecule

Question 9

What is a polymer?

Answer 9

Many monomers (building blocks) put together

Question 10

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

Answer 10

Monosaccharide (simple sugar)

Question 11

Examples of simple sugars:

Answer 11

glucose, fructose, cellulose

Question 12

Which carbohydrate is used for structure in plants?

Answer 12

Cellulose

Question 13

If a word ends in “-ose” this means it is what type of molecue?

Answer 13

a sugar / carbohydrate

Question 14

Which macromolecule is the main source of quick energy for all living things?

Answer 14

Carbohydrate (sugar)

Question 15

Which macromolecule is the main source of stored/ long-term energy in plants and animals?

Answer 15

Lipids

Question 16

What is the monomer of Lipids

Answer 16

Fatty Acid

Question 17

What is the structure of a carbohydrate?

Answer 17

One or more ring structures

Question 18

What are the atoms found in lipids?

Answer 18

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO)

Question 19

Examples of lipids are:

Answer 19

fats, oils, waxes, and steroids

Question 20

Which atoms are found in Nucleic Acids?

Answer 20

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous (CHONP)

Question 21

Which macromolecule creates the semi-permeable cell membrane?

Answer 21

Lipids (phosphoLIPID by-layer)

Question 22

What is the monomer of a Nucleic Acid?

Answer 22

Nucleotide

Question 23

What is the function of Nucleic Acids?

Answer 23

store and transmit genetic information

Question 24

What are two examples of a Nucleic Acid?

Answer 24

DNA and RNA

Question 25

Which macromolecule is made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?

Answer 25

Nucleic Acid

Question 26

What atoms are found in proteins?

Answer 26

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur (CHONS)

Question 27

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 27

Amino acids

Question 28

Many amino acid bonded together in a chain is called:

Answer 28

polypetide

Question 29

What are some functions of proteins (there are quite a few)?

Answer 29

control rate of reactions in our body (enzymes), structure of cells/tissue, transport of substances in and out of cells (protein channels/pumps, hemoglobin), fight diseases (antibodies)

Question 30

Which macromolecule consists of an amino group (-NH), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a variable R-group all attached to a central Carbon atom?

Answer 30

Proteins

Question 31

What is a biological catalyst?

Answer 31

something that speeds up chemical reactions in the body/organism

Question 32

A type of protein that is a biological catalyst?

Answer 32

Enzyme

Question 33

True or False: Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to happen

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True or False: Enzymes have very specific functions and can only catalyze one reaction

Answer 34

True

Question 35

The molecule(s) or reactants that an enzyme changes is called:

Answer 35

substrate

Question 36

What is the site ON the enzyme that the substrate binds with?

Answer 36

Active site

Question 37

True or False: Active sites accept any and all enzyme

Answer 37

False - substrates and active sites MUST match in shape (like a lock and key)

Question 38

True or False: Enzymes can function in ANY environment

Answer 38

False - factors such as temperature and pH (acidity) can changes how well an enzyme works

Question 39

What does it mean when an enzyme denatures?

Answer 39

it changes shape/falls apart and no longer functions properly

Question 40

True or False: cold temperatures speed up enzyme activity

Answer 40

False - low temperatures slow down enzymes / chemical reaction

Question 41

True or False: very high temperatures denature enzymes

Answer 41

True

Question 42

True or False: enzymes have a specific temperature range they work best

Answer 42

True