Biomolecules Flashcards
What are the four biomolecules of life?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
Amino acids are the monomers of___
Proteins
Nucleotides are the monomers of___
Nucleic acids
Do lipids have a monomer?
Technically no, but their building blocks are considered to be fatty acids and clycerol
Monosaccharides are the monomer of___
Carbohydrates
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
- Store and release energy (quick source of energy)
- Structural support and protection
- Forms glycogen
- Glucose (monosaccharide) is a major energy source for the body’s cells
- Cellular communication
What does CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP stand for and which biomolecules are associated with each?
- Main elements in each biomolecule
- CHO-Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen: Carbohydrates
- CHO-Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen: Lipids
- CHON-Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen: Proteins
- CHONP-Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous: Nucleic Acids
What are the functions of Lipids
- Store energy(long term energy source)
- Form important parts of biological membranes(cell membrane) and waterproof coverings
- Steriods/Hormones
- Cushioning for organs
- Insulation
These functions are associated with which biomolecule?
* Control rate of reactions
* Regulate cell processes
* Form important celular structures
* Transport substances into or out of cells to help fight disease
* Provide some energy
* Communication
* Chemical signals
Proteins
These functions are associated with which biomolecule?
* Store and transmit hereditary and genetic information
* Capturing and transfering chemical energy (ATP)
Nucleic Acids
What are examples of nucleic acids?
DNA: Genetic information
RNA: Production of proteins/protein synthesis
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group(s), a sugar: ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA), and a nitrogenous base
What is the structure of an amino acid?
Amino Group, Hydrogen, R Group (varient), carboxyl group
In a water molecule which molecules are positively or negatively charged?
Oxygen/Oxygen side is negatively charged and Hydrogens/Hydrogen side is positively charged
Peptide bonds bond what?
Amino Acids
What gives proteins their special shape?
Hydrogen bonds
What is the primary structure in proteins?
Order of Amino acids
What is the secondary structure in proteins?
Hydrogen bonding to form alpha helix or beta pleated sheets
What is the tertiary structure in proteins?
3D polypeptide folds and twists
What is the quarternary structure in proteins?
Two or more polypeptides joining together
