biomolecules

Question 1

what are carbohydrates???????

Answer 1

• many MONOSACCHARIDES combined chemically to form POLYSACCHARIDES which are complex macromolecules such as starch, glycogen and cellulose
• primary source of energy

Question 2

what test to use for carbohydrates???????

Answer 2

Benedicts solution

Question 3

steps for benedicts solution :(

Answer 3

1. add 1.0cm2 of test solution into a clean, dry test tube
2. add 1.0cm2 of Benedicts solution to the test tube and swirl
3. leave the test tube in boiling water bath for 3 minutrd
4. observe for the formation of precipitate

Question 4

results for benedicts solution :)

Answer 4

remains blue - not present
green - ‘ trace’
yellow- ‘ low’
orange - ‘ “ moderate”
brick red - present

Question 5

what are proteins ??????

Answer 5

• contains hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sometimes sulfur
• made up of primary units called amino acids that are linked via peptide bonds to form polypeptides, joint together to form protein
• important for growth and repair

Question 6

test for proteins :(

Answer 6

bluret test

Question 7

steps for bluret test :(((((

Answer 7

1. add 1.0cm2 of solution in a dry, clean tube
2. add 1.0cm2 of blurent REAGENT to the test solution. shake to mix
3. shake well and observe any colour change

Question 8

results for blurets test :))))))))))

Answer 8

mixture turns from blue to violet/ lilac - protein present
mixture remains blue - protein absent

Question 9

what are fats?

Answer 9

-carbon, hydrogen, oxyen
- glycerol and three fatty acid molecules
- stores energy and heat insulataor

Question 10

fat molecule =?

Answer 10

triglyceride

Question 11

test for fats

Answer 11

ethanol emulsion test

Question 12

steps for ethanol emulsion test

Answer 12

1. add 2cm2 of ethanol to two drops of solution in a test tube. mix well and allow it to stand for 2 minutes
2. decant the ethanol into another test tube with 2cm2 water. mix well

Question 13

results for ethanol emulsion test

Answer 13

white emulsion formed - fats are present
remains clear - fats absent

Question 14

starch breakdown

Answer 14

starch molecule (amylase) -> maltose molecule (maltase) -> glucose molecules

Question 15

what are enzymes?

Answer 15

• found in living things
• made out of protein
• fold to take on a 3D globular shape
• they function as biological catalysts. they catalyse or speed up the rate of chemical reactions. they remain chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction

Question 16

TWO purposes? of enzymes

Answer 16

1. build up complex substances
   - cells build up or synthesise complex substances from complex ones (eg.amino acids to polypeptide to protein)
2. break down complex substances
   - cells break down complex substances to simpler substances (eg. starch molecule to glucose molecules)

Question 17

naming of enzymes??

Answer 17

according to scientific system, shows substance where its from?? ends with “ase”

Question 18

three types of enzymes? (hint:CAtPRotectsLIves)

Answer 18

1. carbohydrases: enzymes that digest carbohydrates
2. proteases: enzymes that digest proteins
3. lipases: are enzymes that digest fats (lipids)