biomolecules Flashcards
what are carbohydrates???????
- many MONOSACCHARIDES combined chemically to form POLYSACCHARIDES which are complex macromolecules such as starch, glycogen and cellulose
- primary source of energy
what test to use for carbohydrates???????
Benedicts solution
steps for benedicts solution :(
- add 1.0cm2 of test solution into a clean, dry test tube
- add 1.0cm2 of Benedicts solution to the test tube and swirl
- leave the test tube in boiling water bath for 3 minutrd
- observe for the formation of precipitate
results for benedicts solution :)
remains blue - not present
green - ‘ trace’
yellow- ‘ low’
orange - ‘ “ moderate”
brick red - present
what are proteins ??????
- contains hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sometimes sulfur
- made up of primary units called amino acids that are linked via peptide bonds to form polypeptides, joint together to form protein
- important for growth and repair
test for proteins :(
bluret test
steps for bluret test :(((((
- add 1.0cm2 of solution in a dry, clean tube
- add 1.0cm2 of blurent REAGENT to the test solution. shake to mix
- shake well and observe any colour change
results for blurets test :))))))))))
mixture turns from blue to violet/ lilac - protein present
mixture remains blue - protein absent
what are fats?
-carbon, hydrogen, oxyen
- glycerol and three fatty acid molecules
- stores energy and heat insulataor
fat molecule =?
triglyceride
test for fats
ethanol emulsion test
steps for ethanol emulsion test
- add 2cm2 of ethanol to two drops of solution in a test tube. mix well and allow it to stand for 2 minutes
- decant the ethanol into another test tube with 2cm2 water. mix well
results for ethanol emulsion test
white emulsion formed - fats are present
remains clear - fats absent
starch breakdown
starch molecule (amylase) -> maltose molecule (maltase) -> glucose molecules
what are enzymes?
- found in living things
- made out of protein
- fold to take on a 3D globular shape
- they function as biological catalysts. they catalyse or speed up the rate of chemical reactions. they remain chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
TWO purposes? of enzymes
- build up complex substances
- cells build up or synthesise complex substances from complex ones (eg.amino acids to polypeptide to protein) - break down complex substances
- cells break down complex substances to simpler substances (eg. starch molecule to glucose molecules)
naming of enzymes??
according to scientific system, shows substance where its from?? ends with “ase”
three types of enzymes? (hint:CAtPRotectsLIves)
- carbohydrases: enzymes that digest carbohydrates
- proteases: enzymes that digest proteins
- lipases: are enzymes that digest fats (lipids)
