Biomolecules Flashcards
1
Q
G.N ramchandran discovered
A
Tripal Helical Structure
2
Q
All carbon compounds that we get from living tissue are called
A
Biomolecules
3
Q
Elements that shows respective content per unit mass of living tissue
A
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen ,Earth Crust
4
Q
Elements that differ in relative abundance than in Earth Crust
A
carbon and Hydrogen
5
Q
How to analyse chemical composition ?
A
Living organism have both organic and inorganic compounds in them
6
Q
How to analyse organic compounds?
A
Take living tissue and grind in Trichloroacetic acid using mortar and pestle which form slurry.
7
Q
Filter slurry through cheesecloath or cotton obtain
A
Micromolecule & Macromolecule
8
Q
Examples of organic, inorganic compounds found in acid soluble pool
A
Water, mineral,amino acids,sugar and nucleotide
9
Q
Biomicromolecule present in
A
Acid soluble
10
Q
18 to 1000 Da found in
A
Acid soluble Biomicromolecule
11
Q
Biomacromolecule found in
A
Acid insoluble pool
12
Q
1000 Da and above are found in
A
Biomacromolecule
13
Q
Examples of biomacromolecule
A
Protein, polysaccharides, nucleic acids
14
Q
Molecular weight of lipids are not exceed above
A
800Da
15
Q
Exception of biomacromolecule which are less than 1000 Da
A
Lipid
16
Q
Lipid come under acid insoluble fraction because
A
Lipid form vesicles which are not water soluble
17
Q
Vesicles are not
A
Water soluble
18
Q
Lipid are arrenge into
A
Structure like cell membrane
19
Q
Membrane fragments in the form of vesicles get separated along with acid insoluble pool because
A
On destruction of cell membrane the vesicles are form and they are not water soluble
20
Q
Lipid are not strictly
A
Macromolecules
21
Q
What separation techniques we can use to identify perticular compound for other compound using
A
Chromatography, Centrifugation, Filtration
22
Q
Analytical technique give us idea about
A
Mile formula and Portable structure of compund
23
Q
After burning dry living tissue we get
A
All the carbon compounds that oxidised to gaseous form CO2 and Water Vapour get removed
24
Q
Ash of living tissue contain inorganic elements like
A
Ca, Mg , Sulphate , Phosphate
25
Acid soluble pool represents
Cytoplasmic Composition
26
Weight of oxygen in Earth Crust and Human body is
Earth Crust - 46.6 and
Human body - 65.00
27
How many charector take part in composition of protoplasm
34
28
Only __ elements are main or universal element in protoplasm
13
29
Which elements are 96% major part of protoplasm
C,H,O,N
30
Remaining elements of protoplasm in trace quantity are
Trace elements
31
Carbon constitute more than __% of dry matter
50%
32
Who are essential organic compounds
Metabolites
33
Metabolites formed in
Living organism as a result of metabolic activity
34
Types of Metabolites
1.Primary Metabolites
2. Secondary Metabolites
35
Intermediate and product of normal vital metabolic pathway are known as
Primary Metabolites
36
Who are essential for growth, development And Reproduction of living organism
Primary Metabolites
37
Primary Metabolites direct involved in
Fundamental metabolic processes
38
Production of primary Metabolites matches
Growth of population
39
Animal Tissue are only
Primary Metabolites
40
Example of primary Metabolites
Amino acids, Protein, Enzymes, Hormones
41
Plant tissue and Microbe have additional metabolites known as
Secondary Metabolites
42
Secondary metabolites produce at
Only at Perticular growth phase
43
Who has no direct involvement in fundamental metabolic processes
Secondary Metabolites
44
Secondary metabolites production usually after
Main growth phase of plant or microbe
45
Secondary metabolites formed by
Alterations of normal or primary Metabolic pathway
46
Examples of secondary Metabolites
Alkaloid, flavonoids,Scents,gum, coloured pigment, antibiotics
47
Examples of secondary metabolites
1. Pigment - Carotenoids,Anthoctanis
2- Alkaloid - Morphine, Codeine
3. Essential oil - lemon grass oil
4.Toxin - Abrin ,Ricin
5.Lectins- Concanavalin A
6.Drugs - Vinblastins ,Curcumin
7.Polymeric substances - Rubber,Gums, Cellulose
48
Ratio of H & O is
2 :1
49
What are hydrates of carbon
Compound of C,H,O with ratio 2:1
50
All carbohydrates are
Polyhydroxy aldehyde or Ketone
51
In body 55% of energy is obtained from
Carbohydrates diet
52
Classification of carbohydrates are based on
Sugar units and the complexity
53
Who can't be further hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
54
Six members rings are known as
Pyranose
55
5 membered ring are known as
Furanose
56
Monosaccharide have
Crystalline structure, Sweet teste and Soluble in water
57
All monosaccharide are
Reducing sugars
58
Monosaccharide classification based on
No of carbon atoms
59
Oligosaccharides are formed by
Condensation of 2-10 monosaccharide
60
Oligosaccharides classification is based on
No of monosaccharide
61
Disaccharide are known as
Sugar
62
Commonly found in nature,water soluble and sweet in taste are
Disaccharide
63
Examples of disaccharides
Lactose, maltose, sucrose and Trehalose
64
Lactose and milk sugar is
Reducing sugar and least sweet sugar
65
Glyosidic linkage between glucose and galactose
Beta 1',4" glycosidic
66
Maximum % of lactose in human milk
7%
67
Sucrose obtained from
Sugarcane
68
Sucrose formed by
Condensation of Glucose and Fructose
69
Linkage of Sucrose
Alpha -1',2" glycosidic linkage
70
Who is non reducing sugar
Sucrose
71
Maltose or malt sugar occur in
Malted grain of barely
72
Who is intermediate compound in starch digestion
Maltose
73
Maltose is
Reducing sugar
74
Linkage of maltose
Alpha -1',4" glycosidic linkage
75
Glucose+ Glucose is known as
Trehalose
76
Trehalose occur in
Hemolymph in insect
77
Trehalose is
Non reducing sugar
78
What are reducing sugars
Sugar which have free aldehyde and ketonic group
79
Reducing agent can reduce
Cu of Benedict's or feelings solution to cuprous ion
80
Blue colour of CUSO4 changes to
Brick red
81
What are non reducing sugar
Where free radicals or ketonic group is absent
82
Polysaccharides/ Glycans formed by
Polymerization of monosaccharide unit
83
Which suffix added so they that its Glycans
"-an"
84
Who are insoluble in water,do not taste sweet & are non reducing
Polysaccharides
85
Two types of polysaccharides
1.Homo polysaccharides
2.Hetero polysaccharides
86
What comes under homopolysaccharides
Cellulose,Chitin,lnulin,Dextrin, Starch, Glycogen
87
Absent helix and pure cotton
Cellulose
88
Who is main component of plant cell
Cellulose
89
I wood cellulose is
50%
90
In cotton cellulose is
90%
91
Who Most abundant organic molecule on earth
Cellulose
92
Chitin also known as
Fungal cellulose
93
Who is 2nd most abundant organic molecule on earth
Chitin
94
Chitin is component of
Exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi
95
Smallest storage polysaccharides
Insulin
96
Insulin found in
Roots of Dahalia & Artichoke
97
Insulin used for
Testing GFR rate
98
Stored food in yeast and bacteria
Dextrin
99
Dextrin is intermediate substances in
Digestion of glycogen and starch
100
By hydrolysis of Dextrin
Glucose and maltose are formed
101
Stored food in plants,form helix and made up of alpha -glucose
Starch
102
2 form of starch
Amylose & Amylopectin
103
Amylose is
Unbranched polymer of glucose,it gets coiled into Helical Structure
104
Amylose forms
Colloidal suspension in hot water
105
Amylopectin is
Branched polymer, soluble in water
106
Who give blue colour with iodine
Amylose
107
Gives red colour with iodine
Amylopectin
108
Animal starch,form helix
Glycogen
109
Storage form of carbohydrates in animals(liver and Muscle)
Glycogen
110
Structural unit is Amylopectin and it is store food of fungi
Glycogen
111
Glycogen give __ colour with iodine
Red
112
Heteropolysaccharide contain
Heparin , pectin, peptidoglycan, Hyaluronic acid, agar-agar
113
Heparin is
Anticoagulant of blood
114
Pectin found in
Cell walls
115
It binds cellulose fibrils in bundle
Pectin
116
What are salts of pectin
Ca and Mg-pectate from middle lamella in plants
117
Pectin also called
Plant cement
118
Peptidoglycan found in
Cell wall of bacteria
119
Hyaluronic acid also known as
Animal cement
120
Hyaluronic acid occur in
Animal cell coat as binding materials
121
Agar-agar is obtained from
Red algae
122
Agar-agar is used for
Preparation of culture medium
123
Lipid are soluble in
Benzene, ether,and chloroform
124
Lipid are insoluble in
Water
125
In lipid H to O ratio is
2:1
126
Lipid could be
Simple fatty acid , Glycerol
127
Long C-H chain with carboxyl group on an end
Fatty acids
128
Fatty acids is
Both saturated and unsaturated
129
Saturated fatty acids
All carbon atoms of hydro-carbon chain are saturated with hydrogen atom
130
Examples of saturated fatty acid
Plamitic acid ,stearic acid
131
Unsaturated fatty acids are
Are those in which some carbon atoms ar enot fully occupied by hydrogen atom
132
Examples of unsaturated fatty acids
Oleic acid, lionoleic acid, polyunsaturated
133
Examples of unsaturated fatty acids
Linoleic acid , linoleic acid ,arachidonic acid, prostaglandin
134
Classification of lipids
Simple lipid, Compound lipid, Derived lipid
135
In majority of simple lipid alcohol is
Glycerol
136
Examples of simple lipid
Fats and wax
137
Fats are formed by
Dehydration synthesis
138
Fats with 3 similar fatty acids
Pure fat
139
Examples of pure fat
Tripalmitin , Triatearin
140
Mixed fat
Fats having different fatty acids
141
Eg of mixed fat
Butter
142
Solid at room temp of about 20° they contain long chain
Hard fats
143
Liquid at room temperature,rich in unsaturated fatty acids,have low melting point and form hard fat on hydrogenation
Oils
144
Wax are composed of
Long chain saturated fatty acids and long chain saturated monohydric alcohol instead of glycerol
145
Waxes form
Water insoluble coating on hair and skin in alcohol and stem, leaves and fruits of plant
146
Fatty acids + Glycerol + some other groups
Compound lipid
147
Types of compound lipid
Phospholipid , lipoprotein , Glycolipid
148
Phospholipid found in
CELL membrane
149
Phospholipid formed by
Fatty acids + Glycerol + H3Pao4 + nitrogenous compound
150
Examples of phospholipids
Lecithin, cephalin , phingolipids
151
Nitrogenous compound in lacithin is
Choline
