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Neet Biology ✌🏻 > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

G.N ramchandran discovered

A

Tripal Helical Structure

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2
Q

All carbon compounds that we get from living tissue are called

A

Biomolecules

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3
Q

Elements that shows respective content per unit mass of living tissue

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen ,Earth Crust

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4
Q

Elements that differ in relative abundance than in Earth Crust

A

carbon and Hydrogen

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5
Q

How to analyse chemical composition ?

A

Living organism have both organic and inorganic compounds in them

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6
Q

How to analyse organic compounds?

A

Take living tissue and grind in Trichloroacetic acid using mortar and pestle which form slurry.

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7
Q

Filter slurry through cheesecloath or cotton obtain

A

Micromolecule & Macromolecule

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8
Q

Examples of organic, inorganic compounds found in acid soluble pool

A

Water, mineral,amino acids,sugar and nucleotide

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9
Q

Biomicromolecule present in

A

Acid soluble

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10
Q

18 to 1000 Da found in

A

Acid soluble Biomicromolecule

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11
Q

Biomacromolecule found in

A

Acid insoluble pool

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12
Q

1000 Da and above are found in

A

Biomacromolecule

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13
Q

Examples of biomacromolecule

A

Protein, polysaccharides, nucleic acids

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14
Q

Molecular weight of lipids are not exceed above

A

800Da

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15
Q

Exception of biomacromolecule which are less than 1000 Da

A

Lipid

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16
Q

Lipid come under acid insoluble fraction because

A

Lipid form vesicles which are not water soluble

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17
Q

Vesicles are not

A

Water soluble

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18
Q

Lipid are arrenge into

A

Structure like cell membrane

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19
Q

Membrane fragments in the form of vesicles get separated along with acid insoluble pool because

A

On destruction of cell membrane the vesicles are form and they are not water soluble

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20
Q

Lipid are not strictly

A

Macromolecules

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21
Q

What separation techniques we can use to identify perticular compound for other compound using

A

Chromatography, Centrifugation, Filtration

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22
Q

Analytical technique give us idea about

A

Mile formula and Portable structure of compund

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23
Q

After burning dry living tissue we get

A

All the carbon compounds that oxidised to gaseous form CO2 and Water Vapour get removed

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24
Q

Ash of living tissue contain inorganic elements like

A

Ca, Mg , Sulphate , Phosphate

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25
Q

Acid soluble pool represents

A

Cytoplasmic Composition

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26
Q

Weight of oxygen in Earth Crust and Human body is

A

Earth Crust - 46.6 and
Human body - 65.00

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27
Q

How many charector take part in composition of protoplasm

A

34

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28
Q

Only __ elements are main or universal element in protoplasm

A

13

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29
Q

Which elements are 96% major part of protoplasm

A

C,H,O,N

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30
Q

Remaining elements of protoplasm in trace quantity are

A

Trace elements

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31
Q

Carbon constitute more than __% of dry matter

A

50%

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32
Q

Who are essential organic compounds

A

Metabolites

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33
Q

Metabolites formed in

A

Living organism as a result of metabolic activity

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34
Q

Types of Metabolites

A

1.Primary Metabolites
2. Secondary Metabolites

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35
Q

Intermediate and product of normal vital metabolic pathway are known as

A

Primary Metabolites

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36
Q

Who are essential for growth, development And Reproduction of living organism

A

Primary Metabolites

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37
Q

Primary Metabolites direct involved in

A

Fundamental metabolic processes

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38
Q

Production of primary Metabolites matches

A

Growth of population

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39
Q

Animal Tissue are only

A

Primary Metabolites

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40
Q

Example of primary Metabolites

A

Amino acids, Protein, Enzymes, Hormones

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41
Q

Plant tissue and Microbe have additional metabolites known as

A

Secondary Metabolites

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42
Q

Secondary metabolites produce at

A

Only at Perticular growth phase

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43
Q

Who has no direct involvement in fundamental metabolic processes

A

Secondary Metabolites

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44
Q

Secondary metabolites production usually after

A

Main growth phase of plant or microbe

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45
Q

Secondary metabolites formed by

A

Alterations of normal or primary Metabolic pathway

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46
Q

Examples of secondary Metabolites

A

Alkaloid, flavonoids,Scents,gum, coloured pigment, antibiotics

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47
Q

Examples of secondary metabolites

A
  1. Pigment - Carotenoids,Anthoctanis
    2- Alkaloid - Morphine, Codeine
  2. Essential oil - lemon grass oil
    4.Toxin - Abrin ,Ricin
    5.Lectins- Concanavalin A
    6.Drugs - Vinblastins ,Curcumin
    7.Polymeric substances - Rubber,Gums, Cellulose
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48
Q

Ratio of H & O is

A

2 :1

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49
Q

What are hydrates of carbon

A

Compound of C,H,O with ratio 2:1

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50
Q

All carbohydrates are

A

Polyhydroxy aldehyde or Ketone

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51
Q

In body 55% of energy is obtained from

A

Carbohydrates diet

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52
Q

Classification of carbohydrates are based on

A

Sugar units and the complexity

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53
Q

Who can’t be further hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide

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54
Q

Six members rings are known as

A

Pyranose

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55
Q

5 membered ring are known as

A

Furanose

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56
Q

Monosaccharide have

A

Crystalline structure, Sweet teste and Soluble in water

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57
Q

All monosaccharide are

A

Reducing sugars

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58
Q

Monosaccharide classification based on

A

No of carbon atoms

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59
Q

Oligosaccharides are formed by

A

Condensation of 2-10 monosaccharide

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60
Q

Oligosaccharides classification is based on

A

No of monosaccharide

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61
Q

Disaccharide are known as

A

Sugar

62
Q

Commonly found in nature,water soluble and sweet in taste are

A

Disaccharide

63
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

Lactose, maltose, sucrose and Trehalose

64
Q

Lactose and milk sugar is

A

Reducing sugar and least sweet sugar

65
Q

Glyosidic linkage between glucose and galactose

A

Beta 1’,4” glycosidic

66
Q

Maximum % of lactose in human milk

A

7%

67
Q

Sucrose obtained from

A

Sugarcane

68
Q

Sucrose formed by

A

Condensation of Glucose and Fructose

69
Q

Linkage of Sucrose

A

Alpha -1’,2” glycosidic linkage

70
Q

Who is non reducing sugar

A

Sucrose

71
Q

Maltose or malt sugar occur in

A

Malted grain of barely

72
Q

Who is intermediate compound in starch digestion

A

Maltose

73
Q

Maltose is

A

Reducing sugar

74
Q

Linkage of maltose

A

Alpha -1’,4” glycosidic linkage

75
Q

Glucose+ Glucose is known as

A

Trehalose

76
Q

Trehalose occur in

A

Hemolymph in insect

77
Q

Trehalose is

A

Non reducing sugar

78
Q

What are reducing sugars

A

Sugar which have free aldehyde and ketonic group

79
Q

Reducing agent can reduce

A

Cu of Benedict’s or feelings solution to cuprous ion

80
Q

Blue colour of CUSO4 changes to

A

Brick red

81
Q

What are non reducing sugar

A

Where free radicals or ketonic group is absent

82
Q

Polysaccharides/ Glycans formed by

A

Polymerization of monosaccharide unit

83
Q

Which suffix added so they that its Glycans

A

“-an”

84
Q

Who are insoluble in water,do not taste sweet & are non reducing

A

Polysaccharides

85
Q

Two types of polysaccharides

A

1.Homo polysaccharides
2.Hetero polysaccharides

86
Q

What comes under homopolysaccharides

A

Cellulose,Chitin,lnulin,Dextrin, Starch, Glycogen

87
Q

Absent helix and pure cotton

A

Cellulose

88
Q

Who is main component of plant cell

A

Cellulose

89
Q

I wood cellulose is

A

50%

90
Q

In cotton cellulose is

A

90%

91
Q

Who Most abundant organic molecule on earth

A

Cellulose

92
Q

Chitin also known as

A

Fungal cellulose

93
Q

Who is 2nd most abundant organic molecule on earth

A

Chitin

94
Q

Chitin is component of

A

Exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi

95
Q

Smallest storage polysaccharides

A

Insulin

96
Q

Insulin found in

A

Roots of Dahalia & Artichoke

97
Q

Insulin used for

A

Testing GFR rate

98
Q

Stored food in yeast and bacteria

A

Dextrin

99
Q

Dextrin is intermediate substances in

A

Digestion of glycogen and starch

100
Q

By hydrolysis of Dextrin

A

Glucose and maltose are formed

101
Q

Stored food in plants,form helix and made up of alpha -glucose

A

Starch

102
Q

2 form of starch

A

Amylose & Amylopectin

103
Q

Amylose is

A

Unbranched polymer of glucose,it gets coiled into Helical Structure

104
Q

Amylose forms

A

Colloidal suspension in hot water

105
Q

Amylopectin is

A

Branched polymer, soluble in water

106
Q

Who give blue colour with iodine

A

Amylose

107
Q

Gives red colour with iodine

A

Amylopectin

108
Q

Animal starch,form helix

A

Glycogen

109
Q

Storage form of carbohydrates in animals(liver and Muscle)

A

Glycogen

110
Q

Structural unit is Amylopectin and it is store food of fungi

A

Glycogen

111
Q

Glycogen give __ colour with iodine

A

Red

112
Q

Heteropolysaccharide contain

A

Heparin , pectin, peptidoglycan, Hyaluronic acid, agar-agar

113
Q

Heparin is

A

Anticoagulant of blood

114
Q

Pectin found in

A

Cell walls

115
Q

It binds cellulose fibrils in bundle

A

Pectin

116
Q

What are salts of pectin

A

Ca and Mg-pectate from middle lamella in plants

117
Q

Pectin also called

A

Plant cement

118
Q

Peptidoglycan found in

A

Cell wall of bacteria

119
Q

Hyaluronic acid also known as

A

Animal cement

120
Q

Hyaluronic acid occur in

A

Animal cell coat as binding materials

121
Q

Agar-agar is obtained from

A

Red algae

122
Q

Agar-agar is used for

A

Preparation of culture medium

123
Q

Lipid are soluble in

A

Benzene, ether,and chloroform

124
Q

Lipid are insoluble in

A

Water

125
Q

In lipid H to O ratio is

A

2:1

126
Q

Lipid could be

A

Simple fatty acid , Glycerol

127
Q

Long C-H chain with carboxyl group on an end

A

Fatty acids

128
Q

Fatty acids is

A

Both saturated and unsaturated

129
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

All carbon atoms of hydro-carbon chain are saturated with hydrogen atom

130
Q

Examples of saturated fatty acid

A

Plamitic acid ,stearic acid

131
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids are

A

Are those in which some carbon atoms ar enot fully occupied by hydrogen atom

132
Q

Examples of unsaturated fatty acids

A

Oleic acid, lionoleic acid, polyunsaturated

133
Q

Examples of unsaturated fatty acids

A

Linoleic acid , linoleic acid ,arachidonic acid, prostaglandin

134
Q

Classification of lipids

A

Simple lipid, Compound lipid, Derived lipid

135
Q

In majority of simple lipid alcohol is

A

Glycerol

136
Q

Examples of simple lipid

A

Fats and wax

137
Q

Fats are formed by

A

Dehydration synthesis

138
Q

Fats with 3 similar fatty acids

A

Pure fat

139
Q

Examples of pure fat

A

Tripalmitin , Triatearin

140
Q

Mixed fat

A

Fats having different fatty acids

141
Q

Eg of mixed fat

A

Butter

142
Q

Solid at room temp of about 20° they contain long chain

A

Hard fats

143
Q

Liquid at room temperature,rich in unsaturated fatty acids,have low melting point and form hard fat on hydrogenation

A

Oils

144
Q

Wax are composed of

A

Long chain saturated fatty acids and long chain saturated monohydric alcohol instead of glycerol

145
Q

Waxes form

A

Water insoluble coating on hair and skin in alcohol and stem, leaves and fruits of plant

146
Q

Fatty acids + Glycerol + some other groups

A

Compound lipid

147
Q

Types of compound lipid

A

Phospholipid , lipoprotein , Glycolipid

148
Q

Phospholipid found in

A

CELL membrane

149
Q

Phospholipid formed by

A

Fatty acids + Glycerol + H3Pao4 + nitrogenous compound

150
Q

Examples of phospholipids

A

Lecithin, cephalin , phingolipids

151
Q

Nitrogenous compound in lacithin is

A

Choline

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