BioMolecules

Question 1

All metabolic reactions are ?

Answer 1

Enzymatic Reactions.

Question 2

Relative Abundance of biological elements in cells:
H
C
O
N
S 
Na
Ca
Mg

Answer 2

H– 0.5% 
C– 18.5%
O– 65%
N– 3.3%
S– 0.3%
Na– 0.2%
Ca– 1.5%
Mg– 0.1%

Question 3

Differences in bw organic biological particles on the basis of size.
Diff bw them on the basis of Molecular Weight and Solubility.

Answer 3

Crystalloids and Colloids.
Crystalloids/ True Solute - <1nm
Colloids- 1nm-100nm
Biomacromolecules- >1000 daltons complex conformation
Biomicromolecules- <1000daltons simple conformation

Question 4

Examples of Crystalloids and Colloids.

Examples of Biomacromolecules and Biomicromolecules.

Answer 4

1- Monosaccharides, Amino Acids and Nucleotides
2- Polysaccharides, Nucleic Acids and Proteins
3- exists in Colloidal form. Polymeric.
Polysaccharides, Nucleic Acid, Protein and LIPID( M.W < 800 daltons)
4- Non-Polymeric and exists in Crystalloid form. Non-polymeric.

Question 5

Reason for lipid to be considered in Biomacromolecules is?

Answer 5

Because of its insolubility in acid soluble pool or water in general.

Question 6

Lipid is also called________?

Answer 6

Retentate.

Question 7

What does acid soluble pool contain?

Answer 7

Biomicromolecules and ions.

Question 8

What are Metabolites?Types of metabolites.

Answer 8

Molecules taking part in metabolic reactions. Primary metabolites- necessary for metabolic reactions. Secondary metabolites- In plants, have ecological role and in human welfare.

Question 9

Functions of 2 degree metabolites:

1. Alkanoids- Carotenoids, Anthocyanins
2. Terpenoids- Monoterpenes, Diterpenes
3. Toxins- Abrin and Ricin
4. Lectins- Concanavalin A

Answer 9

1-they don’t take part in photosynthesis.
2- both originate from poppy plant. Morphine- Anti-Analgesic|Painkiller
Codeine- Induces sleep and used in cough syrup
3- Compounds of phenol. Diterpenes used in cosmetic/perfume Industry
4- Ricin-Stops protein synthesis|from castor seed oil
5- from Beans

Question 10

What is the most abundant organic compound?

Answer 10

Cellulose.

Question 11

The 2nd most abundant organic compound is ?

Answer 11

Chitin.

In exoskeleton of insects and cell wall of fungi .

Question 12

Calorific fuel value is always more than physiological fuel value. True or False?

Answer 12

True.

Question 13

What’s the name and structure of the simplest carbohydrate? Is it optically active and why?

Answer 13

Glyceraldehyde.

CHO H-C-OH
CH(2)OH Yes bc of it’s unsymmetrical structure.

Question 14

What is invert sugar? Why is it called so ? What is it also called?

Answer 14

Sucrose. It is a disaccharide made of glucose (dextro rotatory) + fructose (leavo rotatory)( not really Leavo but from right to left)

Question 15

Fruit sugar is referred to ?

Answer 15

Fructose.

Question 16

Oligosaccharide on hydrolysis gives how many units of monosaccharides compared to polysaccharides?

Answer 16

2-8 vs more than 10.

Question 17

Lactose is made up of ?

Answer 17

Glucose and galactose.

Question 18

Name a trisaccharide.

Answer 18

Raffinose. It’s made up of glucose, fructose and galactose.

Question 19

All macromolecules are _____meric.

Answer 19

Polymeric.

Question 20

Glucons is a _____ saccharide. Is it Hetero or Homo.

Answer 20

Homopoly.

Question 21

Examples of Glucans.

Answer 21

Cellulose, Starch and Glycogen.

Question 22

What is called Animal Starch?

Answer 22

Glycogen.

Question 23

Example of Homopolymer that has its basic unit as fruit sugar.

Answer 23

Dahlia roots. It has inulin so has a role in GFR.

Question 24

Agar Agar is found in which organisms? What kind of polysaccharide is it and name the basic unit.

Answer 24

Gracilaria (algae) and Geladium.

It’s a homopolysaccharide of Galactose.

Question 25

Chitin is a homopolysaccharide with its basic unit as ___________________?

Answer 25

N acetyl glucosamine.

Question 26

Examples of heteropolysaccharide.

Answer 26

Mucopolysaccharide, Hyaluronic Acid and Heparin.

Question 27

An natural anti-coagulant is a heteropolysaccharide. Name it.

Answer 27

Heparin.