Biomolecules Flashcards
1
Q
4 major categories of biomolecules
A
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acid
2
Q
- Most abundant molecule in nature made up of living organisms
- Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (1:2:1) ratio
- FUNCTIONS: source and storage of energy, predecessor of many organic molecules, participate in cellular structures and processes
A
Carbohydrates
3
Q
- Simplest group of Carbs
- Contains 2 functional group (Carbonyl and Hydroxyl)
- Eg. Fructose, glucose
A
Monosaccharides
4
Q
- Monosaccharide + monosaccharide
- held together by glycosidic acid
- Eg. Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
A
Disaccharides
5
Q
- Many monosaccharide units held together by glycosidic bond
- Primarily concerned with structural function and storage of energy
- Eg. Starch, cellulose
A
Polysaccharides
6
Q
- Fats (from animals) vs Oils (from plants)
- Has elements that love and hate water (Amphipathic) in nature
A
Lipids
7
Q
-Energy storage and waterproof (impermeable coatings)
A
Waxes
8
Q
- has 3 six-membered rings and 1 five-membered ring
- Eg. hormone and bile
A
Steroids
9
Q
- Amino acids joined by peptide bonds
- Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, usually sulfur and sometimes phosphorus and iron
- FUNCTIONS: energy source, transport and storage of nutrients, repair and maintenance, enzymes, antibodies, hormones
A
Proteins
10
Q
- Monomers (molecule that can be combined with identical molecule to form polymer)
- Alpha carbon, carboxyl group, amino group, side chain
- 8 essential (foods) and 12 inessential (body)
A
Amino Acids
11
Q
- Connects 1 amino to another
- Carboxyl group of an amino acid reacts with amino group of another amino acid
A
Peptide bonds
12
Q
- “Polynucleotides”
- Large Molecules used for living organisms for the storage and transmission of genetic info
- 2 TYPES: Deoxyribonucleic acid, Ribonucleic Acid
A
Nucleic Acids
13
Q
- Monomers of nucleic acids
- Made up of 7 components (nitrogen containing levels)
A
Nucleotides
14
Q
- 2 fused rings made up of 9 atoms of carbon and nitrogen
- Cyclic Structure
A
Purines
15
Q
-6 carbon and nitrogen atoms
A
Pyrimidines
16
Q
- Deoxyribose sugars
- has Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine and Guanine
- Double stranded
- Nitrogen containing base
- sugars
- Phosphate group
A
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
17
Q
- Ribose sugars
- has Uracil, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine
- Single stranded
- Nitrogen containing base
- sugars
- Phosphate group
A
RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
