BIOMOD1: Cells as the Basis of Life

Question 1

What is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

A eukaryotic cell is a multicellular (but can be unicellular) cell that is found in animals, plants and fungi. It includes membrane bound organelles and stores its DNA in the nucleus.

Question 2

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

A prokaryotic cell is unicellular. It is found in bacteria and archaea. It has no membrane bound organelles.

Question 3

What are the membrane bound organelles?

Answer 3

Nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, Rough ER, soft ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes. Basically the only non membrane bound organelle is the ribosomes.

Question 4

Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

Structure:
Eukaryotic: Have membrane bound organelles (e.g. nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, plastids, lysosomes, and vacuoles) ** basically everything except ribosomes.
Prokaryotic: cells do not have any membrane-bound organelles

Complexity:
Eukaryotic: They are multicellular and more complex, however they can also exist as unicellular (yeast).
Prokaryotic: cells are unicellular and less complex

Genetic Material
Eukaryotic: Carry their genetic material in the nucleus.
Prokaryotic: Carry their genetic material (DNA) in nucleoid **they do not have a nucleus

Examples of Cells
Eukaryotic, cells in animals, plants and fungi. Xylem and phloem, muscle cells, epidermal cells,
Prokaryotic: Bacteria and archaea–Cyanobacteria, methanogens, archaea

Question 5

Compare plant and animal cells

Question 6

FUNCTION: nucleus

Answer 6

Spherical body surrounded by a double membrane that contains the cell’s DNA. Overall the ‘control centre’ of the cell

Question 7

Function:chloroplast

Answer 7

Plastid containing green pigment (chlorophyll), involved in photosynthesis

Question 8

function:ER

Answer 8

Produces proteins (rough ER has ribosomes attached to it 
Produces proteins, (smooth, does not have ribosomes attached.

Question 9

Function:Nucleolus

Answer 9

Body in the centre of the nucleus that is responsible for creating ribosomes and RNA synthesis

Question 10

Function:Cell wall

Answer 10

A cellulose structure present in plants only, maintains cell structure and protects the cell

Question 11

Function:Ribosome

Answer 11

Structures on which proteins are assembled from amino acids

Question 12

FUNCTION:mitochondria

Answer 12

It is an organelle involved in cellular respiration. The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded in order to increase surface area for cellular respiration

Question 13

FUNCTION:lysosome

Answer 13

Vesicle containing enzymes that break down proteins, carbs and lipids

Question 14

FUNCTION:Cell membrane

Answer 14

A selectively permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment. Made of a double layer of phospholipids.

Question 15

FUNCTION:vacuole

Answer 15

Membrane bound compartment containing water and dissolved solutes. More common/larger in plant cells.

Question 16

FUNCTIONGolgi bodies

Answer 16

Bodies for the storage, packaging and dispatch area for molecules made in the cell.