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Geography Biomes End of Unit Test 2019 > Biomes > Flashcards

Biomes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is NPP?

A

A term used to describe the amount of organic material generated in a biome through the process of photosynthesis.

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2
Q

What are the units for measuring NPP?

A

Grams of carbon/ per m^2/ per year

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3
Q

What is GPP

A

It refers to the total chemical energy produced from sunlight through the photosynthesis of plants.

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4
Q

Why do plants undergo photosynthesis?

A

Because their cells need energy all the time. During the day plants use the sun for energy but at night, they utilise some of their stored energy (glucose) and reverse the photosynthetic reaction to release energy to cells. In a process called Respiration.

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5
Q

Where do boreal forests occur?

A

Boreal Forests occur between 50 and 60 degrees north (Northern hemisphere) and can be found in Canada and Scandinavia.

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6
Q

Describe the climate and growing season of boreal forests?

A

Boreal forests have short and moderately warm summers with a max temp of 20 degrees on a average and long stretched out cold winters, with an average temp of -15 degrees. The growing season in a boreal forest is about 3 months.

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7
Q

What is the largest biome in the world?

A

The Boreal Forest Biome

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8
Q

What is the fauna and flora like in the boreal forest?

A

The Boreal Forest has a little fauna life, however it consists of a large amount of flora, including Evergreen Trees with needle like leaves and pinecones.

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9
Q

Describe the temperature of Temperate Forest’s?

A

The climate of a temperate forest varies from -25 degrees to 35 degrees Celsius, with 4 distinct seasons.

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10
Q

Describe the location of the temperate forest?

A

The location of the temperate forest is between the tropics and the cold polar regions. And spans from eastern North America, NE Asia and central and WST of Europe. and Australia.

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11
Q

Most of the world’s population live in which biome?

A

Temperate Forest

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12
Q

Identify the most relevant natural process that occurs in the temperate forest?

A

Seasonal Change, caused by the earth tilt which results in 4 distinct seasons.

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13
Q

What human process has impacted the Temperate Forest Biome the most the the most?

A

Urbanisation, as we humans destroy their land, nutrients and atmospheric conditions.

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14
Q

How do animals escape the cold winter in the Temperate Forest?

A

Hibernation

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of Grasslands and where are each of them located?

A

The savannah grassland which is located in africa, Steppes which are located in Asia and Praires which are located in North America.

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16
Q

The grassland biome contains many of the worlds food and fibre, including…

A

Rice, Wheat, Corn

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17
Q

What are some of the animals in grasslands?

A

Sheep, Goats, Cows.

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18
Q

What human activity has impacted grasslands the most?

A

Grazing Land, which changes the landscapes of grasslands.

19
Q

Describe the temperature pattern in the Savannah Grassland?

A

Savannah Deserts are generally very warm climates with 500-1250mm of rainfall annually, and have a consistent 6-8 months of rainfall.

20
Q

Describe the temperature pattern in the Steppe Grassland?

A

The Steppe Climate has very hot summers and very cold winters, with drastic temperature changes from night to day. The average rainfall per year is 250-510mm.

21
Q

Describe the temperature pattern in the Prairie Grassland?

A

often called temperate grassland and have a temperate temperatures and moderate rainfall.

22
Q

Where are tropical rainforests located?

A

Tropical Rainforests are located between 23.5 degrees N and S.

23
Q

Describe the temperature patterns in the Tropical Forest Biome?

A

Tropical Rainforests do not vary much in temperature throughout the year, hovering from 26-32 degrees on average and have an average of 2000 to 10000 mm of rain annually.

24
Q

How much of the worlds oxygen is produced in the Amazon?

A

1/5 of the worlds oxygen.

25
Q

What is Soil Leaching?

A

When heavy rain carries nutrients deep into the soil making it infertile.

26
Q

How tall are trees and what trunks do they have?

A

Trees are 10-35 m tall with buttress trunks to help with stability in water.

27
Q

Provide examples of the flora and fauna in a tropical rainforest?

A

Fauna include a numerous amount of birds, bats, insects and flora include orchids, vines and ferns.

28
Q

Name one human activity that impacts tropical rainforests?

A

Logging

29
Q

Rainforests now make up what per cent of Australia’s remaining native forest?

A

2.5%

30
Q

How much rainfall annually must a desert receive to be classified a desert?

A

25cm of annual rainfall

31
Q

Where are deserts located?

A

30 degrees north and south of the equator, in africa, Asia, Australia and South America.

32
Q

Why is Australia arid or semi-arid?

A

Because 70% of the country receives less than 500mm of rainfall annually

33
Q

What are examples of flora in the desert?

A

Spinifex and Mitchell Grass, as well as tough acid trees.

34
Q

Describe the temperature patterns in the desert biome?

A

Deserts experience dramatic shifts in temperature during the day and night, from 38 degrees in the day to -1 degree at night. Deserts have very warm summers 30-40 degrees on average and somewhat cold winters between 0-10 degrees on average.

35
Q

What are the two types of tundra?

A

Polar and Alpine Tundra

36
Q

Where are the two types of tundra located?

A

Alpine Tundra is located in mountains throughout the world at high altitudes where trees can’t grow.

37
Q

The two major nutrients in the Tundra biome are nitrogen and phosphorus. What are Nitrogen and Phosphorus created from?

A

Nitrogen is created from Biological Fixation and Phosphorus is created from Precipitation.

38
Q

Where are the tundra and polar lands located?

A

Both the tundra and polar lands are located above the tropic of cancer in the Northern Hemisphere in a linear pattern.

39
Q

What are the temperature patterns of the tundra biome?

A

an average temperature of -34 degrees in winter and 3-12 degrees in summer.

40
Q

How long are the growing ranges in the polar tundra biome

A

50-60 days.

41
Q

Where are the 3 cells of circulation located?

A

The Polar cells are located at the poles, the Ferrell cell is located in the mid latitudes and the Hadley cell is located near the equator.

42
Q

READ PAGE 73 WORKBOOK AND UNDERSTAND

A

YES SIR

43
Q

How is NPP calculated?

A

GPP - Respiration Rate

Geography Biomes End of Unit Test 2019 (1 decks)

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