Biomedical Science Unit 1 Test Flashcards
Activities and definitions
What are Forensic Footprints?
Things that can be examined to trade activities and provide a record of where they have been
Digital Footprints
Digital clues left on things like a cell phones. Everyone’s digital footprint is traceable
Trace Evidence
Tiny fragments of physical evidence such as hair fibers or pieces of glass
Locrad’s Principal
Every time you make contact with a person, place or thing it results in exchange of physical evidence- It is impossible for a criminal to act without leaving traces
What is hair composed of?
Three layers, the cuticle, the cortex, and the medulla
Cuticle
Scale like cells that overlap one another on the outermost part of the hair follicle
Cortext
Home to the pigment and is responsible for the hair color the middle and thickest part and the texture of the persons hair
Medulla
the innermost part of the hair follicle
Ridges that curve back on themselves
Loop
Slope upward and then down slightly- the simplest finger print
Arch
Form a circular spiral pattern
Whorl
The center goes upwards into a stiff peak and then back down on both sides
Tented Arch
Minutiae
Tiny fingerprint ridge details that help match and compare fingerprints
What is a latent fingerprint?
a fingerprint left on the surface by the oils on someones skin and are usually not visible to the naked eye
How do you lift a latent fingerprint?
Transparent tape, after using powder to identify it
What is digital forensics?
a branch of Forensics that focuses on evidence found on divices
What is the first thing to do when processing a crime scene?
Examine- find and mark all evidence while not interferring
What is the second thing to do when processing a crime scene?
Sketch- create a diagram with the layout, position of victim, evidence with the markers, evidence list, legend and scale
What is the third thing to do when processing a crime scene?
Collect evidence- sealing and packaging to be sent to a lab if need be
What is the fourth and final thing to do when processing a crime scene?
Interview the people who first responded to the crime, the person who reported it, and any witnesses
What is a legend?
The legend contains the date time, location, and temperature on a sketch of the crime scene
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and nitrogen containing bases
What kind of sugar is found in a nucleotide?
Deoxyribose Sugar
What nucleotide component contains nitrogen?
The base
What are the four different nitrogen baes?
Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
How are the DNA strands placed in relation to one another?
Anti-parallel
What base does adenine attach on to?
Thymine
What base does Guanine attach on to?
Cytosine
What is DNA
a negativity charged molecule found in the cells of all living things
DNA provides instructions for what?
To build proteins
Each nucleotide is made up of what?
Phosphate, Sugar, and one of the four different nitrogenous bases
What are the Four different bases
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
Gene
a set of instructions for a specific protein
Genome
all of the DNA in one organism that contains the entire set of instructions to build that organism
How does DNA help Forensic investigators?
DNA can link a person of interest to a scene or identify a nameless victim.
Cells
The smallest unit of capable of living idependently
Organelle
Tiny structures that preform a function within a cell
Eukaryotes
All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes
The other type of cell that does not have any membrane bound organelles and only contain bacteria
Chromosome
Tightly coiled packages of DNA
Histone
small protein groups found in chromatin
DNA is made up of paired…
Nitrogen bases
DNA if found in basically all
Living cells
In a eukaryotic cell DNA is found in the…
Nucleus
DNA coil around____ to form a structure called _____
Hi stones, Chromosomes
What are the four sources of DNA
White blood cells, Bone, Hair, and Bodily Fluids
What is a DNA profile?
a DNA fingerprint also known as a DNA profile that gives us each one of a king
How is DNA gathered from persons of interest?
Cheek swab
What is the extraction of DNA?
Breaking open the cells to extract
What is PCR
a technique that allows us to make billions of copies of specific pieces of DNA
What are the tree steps of PCR
Open up the DNA-Denaturation
Find target- annealing
Fill in- extension
What do restriction enzymes cut?
DNA at specific nucleotide sequences
What is the site called that an enzyme will cut?
Recognition sites
What is the difference between Sticky and Blunt ends?
sticky-one is longer than the other blunt- they both are equal
How can restriction enzymes show a difference among different individuals DNA?
Individuals Code determines the number of times a restriction enzyme will cut and the number and cit of their DNA pieces.
Where are restriction enzymes usually found
bacterial cells
How many bases do restriction enzymes cite usually
4-12 bases
Different DNA molecules will have a different number of____
Sequences of nitrogen bases
