Biomechanics test 1 Flashcards
What is inertia?
Tendency to resist change in state of motion
proportional to mass
has no units
What is force?
A push or a pull characterized by magnitude, direction, and points of application
F=ma
Units is in Newtons
What is a free body diagram?
Diagram showing all vector representations of all forces acting on a defined system
What is net force?
The single resultant force derived from the vector composition of all acting forces
What is torque?
The rotary effect of a force (moment of force)
What is center of gravity?
Point at which a body’s weight is equally balanced in all directions
Point that serves as an index of total body motion
Same as center of mass
What is weight?
Attractive force that the earth exerts on a body
N is the unit
What is pressure?
Force per unit of area over which the force acts
Commonly used to describe force distribution within a fluid
Units are N/m2
What is stress?
Force per unit of area over which a force acts
Commonly used to describe force distribution within a solid
Units are N/m2
What is volume?
Space occupied by a body
Has three dimensions (width, height, and depth)
units are m3 and cm3
What is density?
Mass per unit of volume
represented by greek letter rho
Units are kg/m3
What is specific weight
Weight per unit of volume
represented by the greek letter gamma
N/m3
What is impulse?
The product of force and the time over which the force acts (Ft)
Units N
What is compression?
Pressing or squeezing force directed axially through a body
What is tension?
Pulling or stretching force directed axially through the body
What is a shear?
Force directed parallel to a surface
What is bending?
Asymmetric loading that produces tension on one side of a body’s longitudinal axis and compression on the other side.
What is torsion?
Load producing twisting of a body around its longitudinal axis
What is deformation?
Change in shape
What is repetitive loading?
Repeated application of a subacute load that is usually relatively low magnitude
What is acute loading?
Application of a single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to biological tissue
What is vector composition?
Process of determining a single vector of two or more vectors by vector addition
What is vector composition?
operation that replaces a single
vector with two perpendicular
vectors such that the vector
composition of the two perpendicular
vectors yields the original vector
