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Biomechanics > Biomechanics Terms > Flashcards

Biomechanics Terms Flashcards

1
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides body into left and right

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2
Q

coronal plane

A

divides body into anterior and posterior

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3
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body into inferior and superior

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4
Q

ventral

A

anterior portion of the trunk

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5
Q

volar/palmar

A

anterior portion of the hand

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6
Q

volar/plantar

A

sole of foot

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7
Q

dorsal

A

posterior portion of trunk and limbs

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8
Q

cranial

A

toward the head/anterior end

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9
Q

cephalad

A

toward the head/anterior end

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10
Q

caudal

A

toward the tail/posterior end

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11
Q

motions of the sagittal plane

A

flexion/extension (shoulder, hip, knee, elbow)
volar (palmar) flexion/dorsiflexion (hand)
dorsiflexion/plantar flexion (foot)

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12
Q

dorsiflexion

A

toes up

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13
Q

plantar flexion

A

toes down

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14
Q

motions of the coronal plane

A

abduction/adduction (shoulder, hip, wrist, fingers)
radial deviation/ulnar deviation (wrist)
inversion/eversion (foot)

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15
Q

motions of the transverse plane

A

medial (internal) rotation/lateral (external) rotation
pronation/supination (forearm)
adduction/abduction (foot)

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16
Q

pronation

A

palm posterior

17
Q

supination

A

palm anterior

18
Q

combined triplanes ankle motions

A

supination of the foot
pronation of the foot

19
Q

supination of the foot

A

sagittal plane plantar flexion
coronal plane inversion
transverse plane adduction

20
Q

pronation of the foot

A

sagittal plane dorsiflexion
coronal plane eversion
transverse plane abduction

21
Q

phases of gait cycle

A

stance

initial contact
loading response
midstance
terminal stance
preswing

swing

initial swing
midswing
terminal swing

22
Q

external loads

A

ground reaction force
gravity
inertia

23
Q

units of length

A

in, ft, cm, m

24
Q

units of area

A

in^2, ft^2, cm^2, m^2

25
Q

units of pressure

A

lbf/in^2, N/m

26
Q

units of torque

A

in-lbf, ft-lbf, N-m

27
Q

ankle angle

A

a measure of dorsiflexion or plantar flexion relative to a neutral position of 90
AA = 90 - AAabs

28
Q

dorsiflexion ankle angle

A

less than 90

29
Q

plantar flexion ankle angle

A

greater than 90

30
Q

clinically measured knee flexion angle

A

full extension
KA = 180 - KAabs

31
Q

matter

A

that which occupies space

32
Q

mass

A

the quantity of matter of a body
unit: lbm/kg

33
Q

center of mass

A

the point at which all mass seems to be concentrated

34
Q

inertia

A

the bodies ability to resist a change in state

35
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

“law of inertia”
a body at rest remains at rest or a body in uniform motion (constant velocity, no acceleration) remains in uniform motion unless acted on by an outside force

Biomechanics (2 decks)

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