Biomechanics Part 2 - Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is amphiarthosis?
slightly moveable joints
What is a bone example of amphiarthosis?
Includes joints like the epiphyseal plates
What is diarthroses?
Freely moveable joints
What is a bone example of diarthroses?
Elbow, knee, and thumb
What’s the type of movement for a Wrist?
Movement includes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
What is the type of movements for a Hip?
Movement includes - Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Rotation
What’s the type of movement for a Knee?
Movement includes an opening and closing action
What are the 5 features of a synovial joint?
- Articular cartilage
- Joint cavity
- Articular capsule
- Synovial Fluid
- Reinforcing ligaments
What is Articular cartilage?
glassy smooth hyaline cartilage that is thin and spongy, which covers the opposing bone surfaces absorbing compression on the joints to keep the bones from being crushed.
What are Joint Cavity?
The joint cavity is enclosed by a two-layered articular capsule (also called joint capsule). The exterior layer is tough made of dense connective tissue that strengthens the bones, while the inner layer is a synovial membrane composed of loose connective tissue.
What are reinforcing ligaments?
Bandlike ligaments that reinforce and strengthen the synovial joints. People who are double jointed have the same number of joints but they are just more stretchy and looser than average.
What are the functions of the ligaments?
Responsible for providing stability in the joints, Connects bone to bone
What are the functions of fibrocatilage?
menisci or labrums)- Distributes the load over the joint’s surface, absorbs shock, improves the fit and limits slippage between articulating bones (where 2 bones meet)
What are the factors that contribute to joint stability?
- The shape of the articulating bone surfaces
- Arrangement of ligaments and muscles
- Other connective tissues (fascia)
- Muscle fatigue (running a marathon, excessive fatigue)
What is synarthrosis?
immoveable joints
What is a bone example of synarthrosis
The scapula and clavicle joint
What is the type of joint for an Elbow?
It’s a hinge joint
What’s the type of movement for an Elbow?
Opening and closing action
What is the type of joint for a Wrist?
It’s a Condyloid Joint
What is the type of joint for a Hip?
Ball and socket joint
What is the type of joint for a Knee?
It’s a Hinge Joint
What is the joint for the Ankle?
It’s a Hinge Joint
What is the type of movement for an Ankle?
Movements include plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
What is Synovial Fluid?
slippery fluid that occupies all the free spaces in the joint capsule. It has a viscous egg-white consistency, it thins out and warms during exercise. It reduces friction between the cartilages.
