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PT 507 Kines > Biomechanics of the ankle & foot complex > Flashcards

Biomechanics of the ankle & foot complex Flashcards

1
Q

Conflicting functions of the ankle-foot

A 
Stability
-Provides stable BOS
-Acts as a Rigid Lever
Mobility
-Dampens LE rotations
-Adapt to varied surfaces
-Flexible to absorb shock
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2
Q

Forefoot

A

Metatarsals and phalanges

  • Adapts to terrain
  • Heavily influenced by hindfoot
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3
Q

Midfoot

A 
Navicular
Cuboid
3 Cuneiforms
-Transmits hindfoot motion to forefoot
-Promotes stability
-Heavily influenced by hindfoot
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4
Q

Hindfoot

A

Talus
Calcaneus
-Converts LE transverse plane motion into sagittal, frontal, and horizontal plane motion

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5
Q

Pronation (Composite)

A

Dorsiflexion
Eversion
Abduction

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6
Q

Supination (Composite)

A

Plantarflexion
Inversion
Adduction

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7
Q

Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis

A

Stabilizes mortise with crural interosseous tibiofibular ligament.
Ligament pulls fibula towards tibia

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8
Q

Distal Talocrural Joint structure Transverse Plane

A

Talus body width greater anterior than posterior

Lateral surface area greater than medial surface area

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9
Q

Talocrural Dorsiflexion

A

20-30 degrees

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10
Q

Talocrural Plantarflexion

A

30-50 degrees

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11
Q

Talocrural Medial Rotation

A

7 degrees

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12
Q

Talocrural Lateral Rotation

A

10 degrees

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13
Q

Talocrural Inversion

A

5 degrees

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14
Q

Talocrural Eversion

A

5 degrees

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15
Q

Talocrural Gait requirements

A

10 degrees dorsiflexion

20 degrees plantarflexion

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16
Q

Talocrural Ascending stairs requirements

A

20-25 degrees DF

10-15 degrees PF

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17
Q

Talocrural Running Requirements

A

25 degrees DF

25 degrees PF

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18
Q

Gait talocrural compression force

A

4.5 times body weight

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19
Q

Talocrural OKC DF Arthrokinematics

A
  • Convex talus moving on concave mortise
  • Anterior talar roll and posterior slide
  • More posterior talar excursion laterally=Abduction of talus
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20
Q

Talocrural CKC DF Arthrokinematics

A

Concave mortise on convex talus
Anterior roll and anterior slide
More anterior excursion laterally=Adduction of mortise on talus
Superior glide of Fibula as larger part of talus enteres motise

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21
Q

Frontal plan ankle axis

A

8-10 degrees from horizontal

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22
Q

Transverse plane ankle axis

A

20-30 degrees from horizontal

23
Q

Anterior Talocalcaneal articulation

A

Convex talus concave calcaneus

24
Q

Middle Talocalcaneal articulation

A

Convex talus concave calcaneus

25
Posterior Talocalcaneal articulation
Convex calcaneus concave talus
26
Subtalar joint structure
3 articulations separated by tarsal canal 2 separate joint cavities Dampens LE rotary forces to maintain foot contact with ground
27
Subtalar Joint ligaments
Interosseous talocalcaneal - limits eversion Lateral talocalcaneal - limits inversion Ligamentum cervicis - limits inversion Posterior talocalcaneal ligament - limits plantarflexion
28
Subtalar OKC osteokinematics
Supination: Calcaneal Inversion, Adduction, Plantarflexion Pronation: Calcaneal eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion
29
Subtalar CKC Osteokinematics
BW prevents calcaneus from ABd/ADd or DF/PF on talus Supination: Calcaneal inversion, talar abduction, talar DF Pronation: Calcaneal eversion, talar adduction, talar PF Supination is closed pack
30
Subtalar CKC ROM
20 degrees inversion 10 degrees eversion 4-6 degrees inversion and pronation required for gait
31
Subtalar CKC Arthrokinematics
Posterior T-C: Concave talus moves on convex calcaneus Ant and Middle T-C: Convex talus moving on concave calcaneus
32
Single Axis Triplanar Subtalar ROM
Sagittal inclination of 42 degrees Trasverse inclination of 16 degrees to the medial side Allows IN/EV and ABD/ADD to be equal Only allows minimal DF/PF
33
How to calculate Rearfoot neutral
Measure inversion and eversion Add inversion and eversion then divide by 3 Subtract result from eversion degree
34
Mitered Hinge Subtalar Joint
Lateral rotation of tibia as the hindfoot supinates
35
Talocalcanealnavicular Joint Structure
Part of the transverse tarsal joint Convex talar head and concave posterior navicular Ball and socket Ligaments deepen the navicular cavity
36
Talocalcanealnavicular Joint axis
40 degrees anterior/superior inclination saggital | 30 degrees anterior/medial inclination transverse
37
Transverse Tarsal Joint Structure
S shaped joint line Divides midfoot from hindfoot Sellar surfaces of the anterior calcaneus and posterior cuboid
38
Calcaneocuboid Joint
Sellar surface-reciprocally concave/convex
39
Transverse Tarsal Ligaments
Lateral band of the bifurcate Dorsal calcaneocuboid Short plantar Long plantar
40
Longitudinal axis of transverse tarsal joint
Up 15 degrees from A-P axis | Medially 9 degrees from A-P axis
41
Oblique axis of transverse tarsal joint
57 degrees medially from A-P axis | 52 degrees up from A-P axis
42
Transverse Tarsal Joint function
CKC talar ABd/ADd and DF/PF cause motion at talonavicular joint CKC Calcaneal IV/EV cause motion at calcaneocuboid joint With STJ supination, TTJ supination (Closed pack) With STJ pronation, TTJ pronation (Open Pack)
43
Inman & Manns mechanical model
Lateral rotary force imposed on leg Acts through the oblique axis of STJ and TTJ to maintain forefoot in a fixed position. Double mitered hinge
44
Tarsometatarsal Joint mechanics
``` 1st and 2nd Ray axis -Inversion with DF -Eversion with PF 4th and 5th Ray axis -Eversion with DF -Inversion with PF ```
45
Pronation and Supination twist occur when...
The TTJ function is inadequate
46
Transverse Plantar Arch
Decreases in curvature from TMT to MTP
47
Longitudinal Plantar Arch
``` Continuous from calc to met heads Stability is aided by: Spring ligament Long plantar ligament Plantar aponeurosis Short plantar ligament ```
48
Plantar Aponeurosis
Stabilizes arch like a tie rod | Subjected to tension loads
49
Windlass Mechanism
- Plantar pads move distally during toe DF - Plantar fascia is pulled forward and around the met heads - Results in supination and reduces the distance between met heads and calcaneus - Arch height increases
50
Distribution of body weight
Talus 50% in bilateral stance 25% of weight goes to rearfoot 25% of weight goes to forefoot
51
Consequences of compensatory pronation
Tension overloads the tibialis posterior | Reduces cuboid pulley and fibular longus ability to PF and Abduct first ray. Results in 2nd met head overload
52
Cuboid pulley
Displaces fibularis longus tendon inferiorly to improve plantarflexion moment
53
Manifestations of abnormal foot mechanics
Abnormal magnitude of joint motion Excessive speed of joint motion Abnormal temporal sequence of joint motion

PT 507 Kines (8 decks)

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