Biomechanics Of Human Body SS.1 Flashcards
Physics
Branch of science concerning study of nature and properties of matter and energy and the relationship between them, when there’s a natural phenomenon physics try to find a law for this natural phenomenon.
Biophysics
Science of the application of physic’s law in biological phenomena, its interdisciplinary science that applied physics’s approaches and principles to study biological systems to serve human body in the field of medicine.
Medical physics
Biomedical physics, medical biophysics or applied physics in medicine, is the branch of applied physics pursued by medical physicists that use physic’s methods,techniques,principles to practice and research for prevention,diagnosis,treatment to improve human health.
Prevention
Radiotherapy in nuclear medicine in the form of radiation used in oncology(study of cancer) to prevent a cancer
Diagnosis
Image devices such as MRI-scanner,X-RAY,CT,PET, ultrasound,stethoscope,manometer and electrocardiograph.
Treatment
Physiotherapy equipment including optical and other form of electromagnetic radiation.
Mechanic
Branch of physics that studies motion and forces that cause this motion and rigid-body,deformable-body and fluid are its three main areas
Biomechanics
Application of the principles of mechanics in the living human body.
Kinesiology
Study of human motion that brings together all the fields of anatomy,geometry,physics,physiology,biomechanics
Kinematic
Motion description that is usually measured in linear or angular
Kinetic
The cause of motion,
Force,energy and power affect the manner in which individual moves
More powerful in improving human motion
1st newton law of motion
An object won’t change its motion unless a force acts on it
2nd newton law of motion
Force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration
3rd newton law of motion
When two objects interact they apply forces to each other with equal magnitude and opposite direction
Newton’s law of motion are important?
Because they’re the foundation of classical mechanics
Torque (moment of force )
Turning effect of a force about a pivot, the product of a force to a perpendicular distance from the line of the force to the pivot.
Load (force during walking)
Caused by acceleration due to gravity (body weight), vertical
Shear (force during walking)
Caused by the friction between the feet and the ground,(horizontal)
Levers
Rigid bars that move around of an axis of rotation (a joint) forces (applied by muscles) cause this movement to occur.
Mechanical advantage
Effort arm/load arm
Load force/effort force
First class lever
Pivot is between the load and the effort
E.g:Seesaw,scissors,claw hammer and a simple crowbar
E.g: skull (atlas vertebrae,head and trapezius and sternocleidomastoid)
10% muscles operate first class
Designed best for balance
Second class lever
Load is between the pivot and the effort
E.g:wheelbarrow,bottle opener and wagon
E.g:(ball of the foot,body weight and gastrocnemius,soleus)
5% of muscles operate second type of lever
Designed best for power
Third class lever
Effort is between the pivot and the load
E:g tweezers,knee flexion and elbow flexion
85% muscles operate third class lever
Designed for ROM mobility
Equilibrium
State of zero acceleration(static or dynamic)
Balance
Ability to control equilibrium and their body position relative to some base of support
Stability
The resistance to the disturbance of equilibrium
Range of motion
Measurement of the amount of movement around a specific joint
E.g range of flexion and extension
Active ROM
Using your muscles to move your body with no other’s help
Passive ROM
Moving your body around a joint due to help of others like physical therapist without using your muscles while your body is at rest
Stress
Exerted when a force applied on an object
F/A
Strain
Ratio of stress-induced change in object’s length to it’s original length
🔼L/L•
Elasticity coefficient (young’s modulus)
Stress/strain
Synergy
Combination of several muscle actions that serve to achieve a motor task
