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Psyc Stats > Biomechanics midterm > Flashcards

Biomechanics midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what is the study of systems in constant motion?

A

statistics

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2
Q

what is the study of systems subject to acceleration?

A

dynamics

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3
Q

what is the study of the appearance or description of motion?

A

kinematics

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4
Q

what is the study of the actions of forces?

A

kinetics

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5
Q

what movements occur in the sagittal plane?

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

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6
Q

what are the 3 reference planes of movement?

A

sagital
frontal
transverse

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7
Q

what is angular motion?

A

rotation around an axis

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8
Q

what is linear motion?

A

motion along a line

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9
Q

what is the cartesian coordinate system?

A

x,y,z coordinates

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10
Q

what is the actual distance travel called?

A

distance

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11
Q

what is the distance measured in a straight line from start to finish called?

A

displacement

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12
Q

what is the rate of change in location?

A

velocity

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13
Q

what is velocity’s equation?

A

velocity = Displacement/Time

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14
Q

what is the rate of change in linear velocity?

A

acceleration

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15
Q

what is accelerations equation?

A

Acceleration = Change in Velocity/Time

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16
Q

what 3 factors affect shot-put distance?

A

projection angle
projection speed
relative projection height

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17
Q

what is the law that says a body will maintain a state of rest or constant velocity unless acted on by an external force that changes the state

A

law of inertia

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18
Q

what is the law where a force applied to a body causes acceleration of that body

A

law of acceleration

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19
Q

what is the law of reaction?

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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20
Q

what is friction?

A

force acting over the area of contact between two surfaces

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21
Q

what is the quantity of motion possessed by a body

A

momentum

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22
Q

what is the product of a force and the time interval over which the force acts; causes momentum

A

impulse

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23
Q

what is elastic impact?

A

the velocity of the system is conserved

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24
Q

what is plastic impact?

A

there is a total loss of system velocity

25
Q

how does height affect PE

A

increasing height will increase PE

26
Q

how does velocity affect kinetic energy

A

increasing height will increase KE???

27
Q

what is a radian?

A

size of an angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the cirlce

28
Q

What happens to linear velocity as the radius of an angular movement is increased?

A

The greater the radius between a given point on a rotating body and the axis of rotation, the greater the linear distance traveled by that point during an angular motion.

29
Q

what is the moment of inertia?

A

inertial property for rotating bodies*
represents resistance to angular acceleration
based on both mass and the distance the mass is distributed from the axis of rotation

30
Q

what is the distance from the axis of rotation to a point where the body’s mass could be concentrated without altering its rotational characteristics

A

radius of gyration

31
Q

what is the principal of angular conservation of momentum

A

total angular momentum of a given system remains constant in the absence of external torques

32
Q

what is the law of angular intertia

A

a rotating body will maintain a state of rest of constant rotational motion unless acted on by an external torque that changes the state

33
Q

Linear kinematic quantities

A

mass (m)
force (F)
momentum (M=mv)
impulse (Ft)

34
Q

Angular kinematic quantities

A

moment of inertia
torque (T=Fd)
angular momentum
angular impulse

35
Q

for every angular action, there is an equal and opposite angular reaction

A

angular law of reaction

36
Q

when one body exerts a torque on a second, the second body exerts a reaction torque that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body

A

angular law of reaction

37
Q

what is the scapulohumoral rhythm?

A

a regular pattern of scapular rotation that accompanies and facilitates humeral abduction

38
Q

name the muscles that contribute to flexion at the glenohumeral joint

A

anterior deltoid
clavicular pectoralis major
assisted by: coracobrachialis, short head of biceps brachii

39
Q

name the muscles that contribute to extension at the glenohumeral joint

A

sternal pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
assisted by: long head of triceps brachii

40
Q

what is the difference between velocity and acceleration

A

Velocity is the rate of displacement and acceleration is the change in velocity

41
Q

how could you cheat in weight training

A

using momentum: for example, you can throw your hips forward and back to increase ability to bicep curl heavier weights

42
Q

what is the relative projection height?

A

difference between projection height and landing height

43
Q

why does a diver tuck?

A

It will increase the rate at which they rotate. When they open back up it slows it down. When angular momentum is conserved, there is a tradeoff between moment of inertia and angular velocity. (Tuck position = small I, large ) (Extended position = large I, small )

44
Q

what is the primary purpose of the antagonist muscles?

A

opposes/reverses movement regulation of contraction

help to protect the joint

45
Q

what is gait

A

single sequence of functions by one limb

46
Q

describe center of mass

A

midway between the hips

47
Q

define stride length

A

foot to same foot

48
Q

define step length

A

points of heel contact of the opposite foot

49
Q

6 key variables in gait analysis

A 
pelvic rotation
pelvic tilt
knee flexion
ankle mechanism
foot mechanism
lateral displacement of body
50
Q

what is the psoas paradox

A

putting tension on the outside ligament
normally flexes the spine but under 2 circumstances: hip flexion against a heavy resistance and inadequate strength of the spinal flexors the psoas will extend the spine

51
Q

what is a cadence

A

normal pace: 100-115 steps per minute

52
Q

1 newton = …

A

250 dynamic pounds

53
Q

torque

A

rotation around a joint

54
Q

factors affecting muscular force generation

A

isometric contraction

as load increases, concentric contraction velocity slows to 0 at isometric maximum

55
Q

how do we measure muscular strength

A

the component of muscle force that produces torque at the joint is directed perpendicular to the attached bone

56
Q

what factors affect muscular strength

A

tension-generating capability of the muscle tissue, movement arms of the muscles crossing the joint

57
Q

what is muscular power?

A

product of muscular force and the velocity of muscle shortening

58
Q

what is muscular endurance?

A

ability of muscle to exert tension over a period of time

59
Q

what is the effect of muscle temperature (warm up)?

A

the speeds of nerve and muscle function increase

Psyc Stats (2 decks)

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