Biomechanics & Kinesiology

Question 1

What is kinesiology?

Answer 1

The science of movement and both the active and passive structures involved.

Question 2

What is biomechanics?

Answer 2

The science of both internal and external forces on the body.

Question 3

What is kinetics?

Answer 3

The study of forces acting on the body.

Question 4

What are some external forces on the body?

Answer 4

• Gravity
• Friction
• Balance and stability - depending on the height of COG and width of BOS

Question 5

What are some internal forces on the body?

Answer 5

• Muscles
• Tendons
• Ligaments
• Joints

Question 6

What are some examples of force systems?

Answer 6

• Acceleration
• Velocity
• Force

Question 7

In terms of the lever system, what is the axis represented as?

Answer 7

Fulcrum

Question 8

In terms of the lever system, what is the resistance represented as?

Answer 8

Load

Question 9

In terms of the lever system, what is the effort/output force represented as?

Answer 9

Effort

Question 10

What is the effort arm? (EA)

Answer 10

The distance between the fulcrum and the effort

Question 11

What is the load arm? (LA)

Answer 11

The distance between the fulcrum and the load

Question 12

Describe first class levers

Answer 12

• The forces of effort and load are situated on opposite ends of the lever
• The fulcrum is positioned in between the effort and the load
• This is a very stable lever system
• MA is equal to 1

Question 13

Give an example of a first class lever

Answer 13

Effort: Neck extensors
Fulcrum: Alantoccipial joint
Load: weight of head and the jaw

Question 14

Describe second class levers

Answer 14

• The forces of effort AND load are positioned on the same side of the fulcrum
• The load is closer to the fulcrum than the effort
• A relatively small effort can overcome the load
• However ROM is reduced
• MA is more than 1

Question 15

Give an example of a second class lever

Answer 15

Effort: Gastrocnemius
Fulcrum: Toes
Load: Weight of the body through the leg

Question 16

Describe third class levers

Answer 16

• The forces of effort AND load are positioned on the same side of the fulcrum
• The effort is closer to the fulcrum than the load
• Sacrifice MA for increased speed and increased ROM
• Most levers in the body are third class
• MA is less than 1

Question 17

Give an example of a third class lever

Answer 17

Effort: Biceps
Fulcrum: Elbow joint
Load: Object in hand

Question 18

What is mechanical advantage? (MA)

Answer 18

The ratio of the force that performs the useful work of a machine to the force that is applied to the machine.

Question 19

Write the equation for mechanical advantage

Answer 19

Zoe write it down