Biomechanics Flashcards
What does Biomechanics mean?
Biomechanics
- Application of principles of mechanics to biological systems
- Extends classical applied mechanics to living materials with peculiar constitutive equations and complex geometries
Explain Injury Biomechanics.
Injury biomechanics
Studyof the (mechanical) behaviour of the human body under extreme injury producing loading conditions
Disciplines:
•Engineering
•Epidemiology
•Anatomy
•Physiology
•Traumatology
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Explain the general parts of the bone (end section).
What are bones sensitivity to loading rate.
Strength of porous bone?
Which types of Joints are there?
Describe Fibrous Joints.
Describe Cartilaginous Joints.
Explain syndesmosis.
Syndesmosis (Fibrous Joints): an immovable joint in which bones are joined by connective tissue (e.g. between the fibula and tibia at the ankle).
Explain Sutures.
Sutures (Fibrous Joints)
Explain Gomphoses.
Gomphoses (Fibrous Joints).
Explain Synchondroses.
Synchondroses (Cartilaginous Joints)
Common in growing bones
Explain Symphyses.
Symphyses: cartilage fused to fibrocartilage (Cartilaginous Joints)
Explain Synovial Joints.
Anatomy of Synovial Joints.
Which are the different types of synovial joints and where can you find them?
Give example of Plane Joint.
Give example of Hinge Joint.
Give example of Pivot Joint.
Give example of Condyloid Joint.
Give example of Saddle Joint.
Give example of Ball and Socket Joint.
Functions of Muscles and which types of Muscles are there?
Which muscles?
Which Muscles?
Which Muscles?
What are the different typs of Muscle Injuries?
Muscle Injuries
•Lacerations
•Perforation
•Rupture
•Contusion (bruising)
What characterizes the properties of human tissues?
Define Injury mechanism.
Injury mechanism–Process that disrupts the tissues
Define Injury criteria.
Injury criteria –Relation between the severity of an injury and the value of a physical variable describing the impact of violence (something you can measure in a dummy that correlates to injury risk)
Define Tolerance level.
Tolerance level –Magnitude of external loading that causes specific type of injury severity in specific tissue (e.gexterrnalaxial force on a long bone)
Define Injury threshold.
Injury threshold –Level of internal mechanical response above which a specified injury will occur for a given individual (e.g. strain in brain tissue)
Define Injury assessment values.
Injury assessment values –Response level below which a specified significant injury is unlikely to occur for a given individual (e.g. a maximum limit of load in a dummy to pass the test)
Explain Injury Criterion.
Name the three principle injury mechanisms that can usually be distinguished concerning Chest.
Give example of intertial injury mechanism.
Explain Chest Injury Criteria.
Describe the HIC.
Explain NIC.
Explain the concept of Biological Variation.
Explain Research Methods of Injury Biomechanics
Research Methods of Injury Biomechanics
•Identify the mechanisms of impact injury
•Quantify the responses of body tissues and systems
•Determine the level of responses at which the tissues or systems will fail to recover
•Develop protective materials and structures that reduce the injurious load transferred to the body
•Develop models that respond to impact in a human like manner
Research Methods of Injury Biomechanics
What is AIS and what do the levels correspond to?
Give some example of AIS by body region (1-3)
Giive some AIS examples by body region (4-5).
