Biomechanics

Question 1

What does Biomechanics mean?

Answer 1

Biomechanics

• Application of principles of mechanics to biological systems
• Extends classical applied mechanics to living materials with peculiar constitutive equations and complex geometries

Question 2

Explain Injury Biomechanics.

Answer 2

Injury biomechanics

Studyof the (mechanical) behaviour of the human body under extreme injury producing loading conditions

Disciplines:
•Engineering
•Epidemiology
•Anatomy
•Physiology
•Traumatology

Question 3

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 3

Question 4

Explain the general parts of the bone (end section).

Answer 4

Question 5

What are bones sensitivity to loading rate.

Answer 5

Question 6

Strength of porous bone?

Answer 6

Question 7

Which types of Joints are there?

Answer 7

Question 8

Describe Fibrous Joints.

Answer 8

Question 9

Describe Cartilaginous Joints.

Answer 9

Question 10

Explain syndesmosis.

Answer 10

Syndesmosis (Fibrous Joints): an immovable joint in which bones are joined by connective tissue (e.g. between the fibula and tibia at the ankle).

Question 11

Explain Sutures.

Answer 11

Sutures (Fibrous Joints)

Question 12

Explain Gomphoses.

Answer 12

Gomphoses (Fibrous Joints).

Question 13

Explain Synchondroses.

Answer 13

Synchondroses (Cartilaginous Joints)

Common in growing bones

Question 14

Explain Symphyses.

Answer 14

Symphyses: cartilage fused to fibrocartilage (Cartilaginous Joints)

Question 15

Explain Synovial Joints.

Answer 15

Question 16

Anatomy of Synovial Joints.

Answer 16

Question 17

Which are the different types of synovial joints and where can you find them?

Answer 17

Question 18

Give example of Plane Joint.

Answer 18

Question 19

Give example of Hinge Joint.

Answer 19

Question 20

Give example of Pivot Joint.

Answer 20

Question 21

Give example of Condyloid Joint.

Answer 21

Question 22

Give example of Saddle Joint.

Answer 22

Question 23

Give example of Ball and Socket Joint.

Answer 23

Question 24

Functions of Muscles and which types of Muscles are there?

Answer 24

Question 25

Which muscles?

Answer 25

Question 26

Which Muscles?

Answer 26

Question 27

Which Muscles?

Answer 27

Question 28

What are the different typs of Muscle Injuries?

Answer 28

Muscle Injuries •Lacerations •Perforation •Rupture •Contusion (bruising)

Question 29

What characterizes the properties of human tissues?

Answer 29

Question 30

Define Injury mechanism.

Answer 30

Injury mechanism–Process that disrupts the tissues

Question 31

Define Injury criteria.

Answer 31

Injury criteria –Relation between the severity of an injury and the value of a physical variable describing the impact of violence (something you can measure in a dummy that correlates to injury risk)

Question 32

Define Tolerance level.

Answer 32

Tolerance level –Magnitude of external loading that causes specific type of injury severity in specific tissue (e.gexterrnalaxial force on a long bone)

Question 33

Define Injury threshold.

Answer 33

Injury threshold –Level of internal mechanical response above which a specified injury will occur for a given individual (e.g. strain in brain tissue)

Question 34

Define Injury assessment values.

Answer 34

Injury assessment values –Response level below which a specified significant injury is unlikely to occur for a given individual (e.g. a maximum limit of load in a dummy to pass the test)

Question 35

Explain Injury Criterion.

Answer 35

Question 36

Name the three principle injury mechanisms that can usually be distinguished concerning Chest.

Answer 36

Question 37

Give example of intertial injury mechanism.

Answer 37

Question 38

Explain Chest Injury Criteria.

Answer 38

Question 39

Describe the HIC.

Answer 39

Question 40

Explain NIC.

Answer 40

Question 41

Explain the concept of Biological Variation.

Answer 41

Question 42

Explain Research Methods of Injury Biomechanics

Answer 42

Research Methods of Injury Biomechanics •Identify the mechanisms of impact injury •Quantify the responses of body tissues and systems •Determine the level of responses at which the tissues or systems will fail to recover •Develop protective materials and structures that reduce the injurious load transferred to the body •Develop models that respond to impact in a human like manner Research Methods of Injury Biomechanics

Question 43

What is AIS and what do the levels correspond to?

Answer 43

Question 44

Give some example of AIS by body region (1-3)

Answer 44

Question 45

Giive some AIS examples by body region (4-5).

Answer 45