Biomechanics Flashcards
How is force produced internally in the human body?
Muscle contraction
Four factors affecting balance
Mass- static balance, a greater mass will achieve greater stability. Dynamic is opposite.
Area of base of support- points of the the object that contact the ground and the area between them.
Line of Gravity- concerned with where the line of gravity falls with respect to the base of support.
Height of centre of gravity- where the centre of gravity is of an object
Newton’s 3 laws
First, law of inertia
- a body will continue in its uniform motion unless it is acted upon by an external force
Second, law of acceleration
- the change of motion is proportional to the force impressed on the object
Third, law of action- reaction
For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction
Describe what an athlete must do so that maximum force summation can be achieved
Sequentially add body segments. Body parts move in sequence to produce a performance. Velocity is transferred from biggest part of the body progressively to smaller parts.
Define sequential movement
When throwing for maximum velocity/ distance. Movement that involves a sequential action of a number of body segments. Segments are added in sequence from largest to smallest.
Example of sequential movement from a sport and refer to phases of movement to describe how athlete performs skill for optimal result.
Badminton
Back hand underarm clear
Sequence starts at trunk, rotates to create velocity. Trunk reached ma. It’s added to racquet leg when it moves across body with power and lands on floor. Persons weight transferred to racquet foot velocity goes from latissimus Dorsi to deltoid. Then transferred to arm which is pulled back and is across the body. Next is elbow, extends from bent position in scooping motion. Then wrist which flicks creates final max velocity. All added together really eased into shuttlecock hitting with max velocity and power but also with accuracy
Points to make reference to skill
Sequentially accelerate each segment
Larger muscle groups initiate movement
Proximal segments initiate movement
Example of skill where movement Is more simultaneous
Dart throw
Simultaneous description: low velocity/accuracy. Segments are coordinated together to reach maximum levels simultaneously for accuracy
Justifications: elbow and wrist move at same time
Use Newton’s three Laws of motion and principle of summation of velocities to explain how the golfer drives a ball the maximum distance possible
Newton’s first law name and definition
When athlete plants the foot they absorb a muscular force of sufficient magnitude in order to change their stage of forward motion and move forward. Athlete exerts a large muscular force against the ball causing it to accelerate through the air.
Newton’s second law
The acceleration of the athlete is directly proportional to the force provided by the muscles and is indirectly proportional to the mass of the athlete. The lighter the object the greater the acceleration compared to the heavier object which will have lower acceleration. The greater the force applied by the musculoskeletal system the greater the acceleration of the ball.
Newton’s third law of motion
Body to ball ball to body, due to inertia of body it will disguise this effect of ball on body.
Describe specificity with an example
Training should reflect components of fitness, energy systems and nature of the task involved in the sport of interest. Example training legs for muscular endurance for a cyclist.
Use principle of specificity to explain types of training you would use for a midfield player in AFL
Continuous training: related to the continuous. Stare of the running in AFL
Resistance training: particular focus on muscular endurance as it’s specific to those positions in the sports
Describe component of fitness cardio respiratory endurance with an example of how it can be tested.
Ability of the respiratory and circulatory system to supply oxygen to the working muscles during sustained exercise. Example beep test
List and describe six principles of training
Specificity
Progressive over load
Frequency
Intensity
Duration
Reversibility
If you don’t train your effects will be lose
Factors that influence a students motivation and optimal arousal levels for performance
Age
Type of activity
Skill level
Fitness
