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biomechanics > biomechanics > Flashcards

biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

On a free body diagram, where is the arrow representing AR placed

A

Centre of mass backwards

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2
Q

Friction is affected by what factors

A

Surface characteristics and surface temperature

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3
Q

How do surface characteristics affect friction

A

A smooth surface reduces friction whereas a rough surface increases it

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4
Q

Define stability

A

The ability of a body to resist movement

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5
Q

define fluid mechanics

A

the study of objects that travel through fluid

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6
Q

if AR=F what is the net force

A

0

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7
Q

If AR>F, what is the net force and direction of movement

A

Negative, Forwards

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8
Q

On a free body diagram, where would the arrow for weight be placed and in what direction

A

From the centre of mass, downwards

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9
Q

Define Centre of mass

A

The point at which a body is balanced in all directions

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10
Q

On a free body diagram, where would the arrow for reaction be placed and In what direction

A

Points of contact with the floor upwards

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11
Q

On a free body diagram, where would the arrow be placed representing friction

A

Points of contact with ground forward

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12
Q

Define friction

A

The force that acts in opposition to the movement of one surface on another

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13
Q

What is air resistance

A

The force acting in the opposite direction of a moving body in air

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14
Q

On a distance time graph what does a straight horizontal line represent

A

stationary

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15
Q

define drag

A

the resistance to motion of a body travelling through fluid

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16
Q

what direction does drag travel in

A

in the opposite direction to movement

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17
Q

Unit of measurement used for weight

A

Newtons

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18
Q

state 3 factors affecting air resistance

A

velocity of moving body
cross sectional area
shape and surface characteristics

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19
Q

how does velocity affect air resistance

A

greater velocity= greater air resistance

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20
Q

Define reaction force

A

For every action, there must be an equal and opposite reaction

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21
Q

Where is the fulcrum positioned in a first class lever

A

the middle

22
Q

What is positioned in the middle of a second class lever

A

load

23
Q

What is positioned in the middle of a third class lever

A

effort

24
Q

what is an aerofoil

A

a streamlined shape with a curved upper surface and a flat under surface

25
Q

what is a projectile

A

object launched into the air

26
Q

State 3 factors affecting stability

A

Body mass
Height of centre of mass
Distribution from centre of mass

27
Q

define the term parabola

A

symmetrical flight path

28
Q

Explain how height of centre of mass could affect stability of a performer

A

Stability is increased as centre of mass lowers

29
Q

In the body, what acts as a fulcrum in a lever system

A

A joint

30
Q

What acts as a load in the body In reference to a lever system

A

weight being moved by lever system

31
Q

What acts as a effort in the body, in reference to a lever system

A

The muscle being contracted

32
Q

Explain how size of base of support could affect a performers ability.

A

The greater base of support the greater a performers stability

33
Q

State a first class lever in the body

A

Neck extension

34
Q

define the term eccentric force

A

a force exerted outside the centre of mass

35
Q

explain the affects of top spin on a ball

A

air underneath the ball is travelling with the spin therefore travels faster creating lower pressure
the ball bounces higher

36
Q

what is the load arm

A

perpendicular distance of the load from the fulcrum

37
Q

what is meant by mechanical disadvantage

A

allows you to move large loads with small effort

38
Q

define torque

A

term given to force when rotating

39
Q

what is an axis of rotation

A

an imaginary line about which the body rotates

40
Q

where is the longitudinal axis

A

runs from head to toe

41
Q

where is the transverse axis

A

left to right through the hips

42
Q

where is the frontal axis

A

front to back through the belly button

43
Q

what is meant by the term radian

A

unit of measurement for angular distance

44
Q

name newton’s 1st law of motion

A

inertia

45
Q

name newton’s 2nd law of motion

A

acceleration

46
Q

name newton’s 3rd law of motion

A

reaction

47
Q

what is the net force if W

A

positive

48
Q

define impulse

A

force X time it acts for

49
Q

define the term force

A

push or pull that alters the state of motion

50
Q

what is acceleration

A

the rate of change of velocity

biomechanics (1 decks)

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