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pe Studies > Biomechanics > Flashcards

Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

Acceleration

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2
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

Action/reaction

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3
Q

What is linear motion?

A

Occurs when all body parts move the same direction and distance at the same time

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4
Q

What is Angular motion?

A

A rotary motion- occurs when body parts rotator in the same direction at the same time around a fixed point

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5
Q

What is general motion?

A

A combination of angular motion and linear motion: the most common form of motion in sport

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6
Q

What is displacement?

A

The different between the initial position and the final position of an object

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7
Q

What is distance?

A

The length of a straight line joining the start and finding points

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8
Q

What is velocity?

A

Describes the rate at which a body or body parts move from one point to another

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9
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate at which velocity changed with respect to times

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10
Q

How do you calculate average acceleration?

A

Final velocity-initial velocity/elapsed time

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11
Q

What is the formula for force?

A

Force=mass X acceleration

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12
Q

What is the formula for impulse?

A

Force X time

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13
Q

What is an example of impulse?

A

The way hockey players take shorts corners. They stand in front of the ball and drag the stick on the ball for a longer arc/period of time and this increases impulse,force and speed achieved in the ball.

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14
Q

Applying more force against the ground ensures more acceleration when taking off

A

Example- swimmer on diving block pushing off

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15
Q

what is an example of action and reaction?

A

A) long jump landing

B) running

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16
Q

What is inertia?

A

A measure of how difficult it is to move an object

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17
Q

What is mass?

A

Mass is the amount of matter that makes up an object

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18
Q

What is weight?

A

Weight is the force exerted by the earths gravity on an object

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19
Q

What are the two important characteristics of velocity?

A

Speed and direction

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20
Q

What is momentum?

A

A measure of how much motion an object has

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21
Q

What are the two things that affect impulse?

A

1) Magnitude of the unbalanced force

2) length of time the force is applied

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22
Q

How is acceleration effected?

A

By force.

The greatest the force used, the greater the acceleration of the object

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23
Q

What sports requires acceleration?

A

Sprinting

Sprint cyclist

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24
Q

What is conservation of momentum?

A

Any collision between two objects.

Example- a foot contacting the ground running

  • a stick hitting a ball
  • two balls colliding
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25
Q

What law best explains conservation of momentum?

A

Third law- action/reaction

26
Q

What sports is conservation of momentum important?

A

Australian rules football
-not uncommon to see a lighter player affect a heavier player in contact. This is because the lighter players are often lighter and therefore are able to gather more momentum, giving them an advantage at impact.

27
Q

What is elasticity?

A

More elastic surfaces result in less energy being lost in the collision because they rebound to their original position more quickly.

Example-

28
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

A

The law of inertia

29
Q

What are the two movements in linear motion?

A

Rectilinear and curvilinear

30
Q

What is rectilinear?

A

Movements in a straight line

31
Q

What is curvilinear?

A

When linear movements follow a curved path

32
Q

What is axis are there?

A

External and internal

33
Q

What is an external axis?

A

When body parts rotate around a point that occurs outside the body

34
Q

What is internal axis?

A

Internal axes of rotation tend to be joints around which rotational movements occur.

35
Q

What is an example of an internal axis?

A

A bicep curl. when you flex/contract the bicep during the upward phase, your arm and wrist are both rotating around a fixed point (elbow joint)

36
Q

Internally, what generates force?

A

Force is produced by the contraction of muscle

37
Q

Externally, what is force generated by?

A

The effects of gravity, friction, water and air generate force of an object

38
Q

How do you alter an objects motion?

A

By applying an unbalanced force to overcome inertia.

39
Q

Example of inertia

A

Beach volleyball- when a player spikes the ball

40
Q

What is velocity measured in?

A

M/s

41
Q

Example of velocity

A

When a ball is moving upward and travelling by 5m per second , this has a velocity of 5 meters per second in an upwards direction

42
Q

Mass X velocity is what formula?

A

Momentum

43
Q

What is impulse?

A

A change in momentum

44
Q

Example of impulse

A

In Rowing, the can only physically be in the water for a certain length of time during each stroke; therefore, the rower must exert greater form with her legs and upper body to increase impulse.

45
Q

How is the acceleration affected?

A

By the force

By the mass of object

46
Q

Is there change in velocity at maximum speed?

A

No, and they slow down at the end of the race- de acceleration

47
Q

Example of summation of momentum

A

A cricket bowl- sequential movement of boy parts that brings about coordinated, accurate and potentially rapid movements

48
Q

What are the two principles that apply to running, jumping and throwing- creating optimal force and speed?

A

To use all the joints

To use the joints in order

49
Q

Example of sequential movement

A

Shotput

50
Q

Why is using every joint in order important?

A

From big to small muscle groups-
As one muscle group deaccelerates, another muscle group accelerates, in a sequential form.. This timing allows the athlete to attain maximal release velocity. Ensures most efficient and rapid movements.

51
Q

What is an example of accuracy?

A

Shooting a goal in netball

52
Q

What is the key performance for accuracy?

A

The direction is which force is applied- optimising the direction

53
Q

How do you increase accuracy?

A

‘Flattening the arc’- the player moves their body parts in such a way that the bat or hand movies in a straight line at the point of release
- following through

54
Q

What increases stability?

A

A large base of support

55
Q

What is balance ?

A

Balance refers to the ability of a body or an object to maintain stability or equilibrium when stationary or moving.

56
Q

What effects your balance?

A

The surface you are standing on

The position of your body

Whether or not you are moving your body

57
Q

What is an example of balance?

A

When a gymnast performing a routine of a balance beam

58
Q

What Is stability?

A

Stability refers to the ability of a body to resist being moved

59
Q

Example of stability?

A

Archery or shooting

60
Q

Examples of static balance

A

Shooting and archery

61
Q

Example of dynamic balance

A

Dodging a player in netball

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