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Cell Biology and Biochemistry > Biomacromolecules (L1) > Flashcards

Biomacromolecules (L1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biological diversity

A

The diversity of biological form

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2
Q

What biomacromolecules do all organisms share

A

Proteins
Polysaccharides
DNA
RNA

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3
Q

What are biomacromolecules?

A

Large polymeric molecules

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4
Q

What are lipids

A

Small molecules that form supra-molecular structures

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5
Q

Lipids are not biomacromolecules. True or false

A

True

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6
Q

Do lipids have membranes

A

Yes

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7
Q

What are polymers

A

Long chains of monomers covalently bonded together

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8
Q

HOMOpolymers are

A

Polymers made of IDENTICAL monomers

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9
Q

HETEROpolymers are

A

Polymers made of DIFFERENT monomers

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10
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Forms biomacromolecules

Removes water

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11
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Degraded biomacromolecules

Adds water

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12
Q

Functions of nucleic acids

A

Define proteins

Storage and transmission of genetic information

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13
Q

Why is DNA used for storage of genetic info

A 
Stable
Repairable
Accessible
Easily and accurately transcribed into RNA
Easily and accurately copied
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14
Q

Why is RNA used for transmission of genetic info

A

Reasonably stable
Can change its structure
Readily accessible
Easily and accurately translated

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15
Q

Where is RNA found

A

Cytosol of eukaryotic cells

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16
Q

What is RNA

A

Linear heteropolymer

17
Q

Bases in RNA

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

18
Q

What is RNA held together by

A

3’, 5’- phosphodiester links

19
Q

Is RNA single or double stranded

A

Single stranded

20
Q

Where is dna found

A

In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

21
Q

What is dna

A

Linear heteropolymer

22
Q

Is dna unbranched

A

Yes

23
Q

Bases in dna

A

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

24
Q

Why is dna more stable than rna

A

Dna contains one less oxygen in its structure than rna so is more stable because the extra oxygen in rna readily reacts with water

25
Q

What is a polypeptide

A

Linear heteropolymer composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

26
Q

What is a protein

A

One or more polypeptides linked together either covalently or non covalently

27
Q

What is a protein subunit

A

An individual polypeptide that forms part of a protein

28
Q

What is a prosthetic group

A

Non amino acid component of proteins

29
Q

What is a oligopeptide

A

A short peptide - small amount of amino acids connected by peptide bonds

30
Q

Roles of carbohydrates

A

Metabolism
Structure
Cell recognition
Protection

31
Q

How are carbs a source of metabolism

A

Source of energy

32
Q

How are carbs used for structure

A

Cellulose in plants

33
Q

How are carbs used for cell recognition

A

Located on surface of cells

34
Q

How are carbs used for protection

A

Anti freeze

Anti desiccation

Cell Biology and Biochemistry (2 decks)

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