Biomacromolecules and life

Question 1

ways to identify if an organism is living or not

Answer 1

MRSGREEN

Question 2

exceptions to living or none living

Answer 2

fire, fertilised egg, robots, a mule, viruses, God, prions

Question 3

what are biomacromolecules

Answer 3

gaint molecles. that play essential roles in both the structure and function of cells. biomarcomolecules are the chemical basis of life.

Question 4

where to get molecules

Answer 4

import from outside the cell. Many molecules need to cross a cells membrane in order to get in.
Make It: cells can also acquire macromolecules by making them themselves

Question 5

making biomacromolecules

Answer 5

involves joining many subunits together

Question 6

what is a monomer

Answer 6

a single subuit that joins together with other subunits to create a polymer

Question 7

what are the 4 types of biomacromolecules

Answer 7

carbohyrate, lipid, protein, nucleic acid

Question 8

carbohydrates (structure and function)

Answer 8

structure-
monmers- monosaccharide
polymer- polysaccharide

function;
stores energy( glucose,starch, and glycogen), helps celss recognise each other, give structire to plant cell walls ( cellulose= fibre)

Question 9

lipids( structure and function)

Answer 9

lipids dont usually have monomers and polymers.
they are made up of fatty acids adn glycerol. which repels water
keylipi to know is ‘phospholipid’ it makes up a cell membrane

function:
give structure support to cells in the membrane, energy storage, cell signalling

Question 10

different types of proteins

Answer 10

structural: gives shape and support to the structure of a cell/organelle. example- keratin which makes up the skin, hair and nails

enzymes: speeds up biological reactions. example lactase help break down lactose

receptors: these proteins helps pass on signals for communication. example covid-19 has protein that tricks a cell into letting inside

other: antibodies( helps your immune system, fights off viruese adn bacteria)
transcription factors( change which genes in your cells are turned on or off, up or down)

Question 11

protein structure

Answer 11

primary stucture: chain of many amino acids( monomers) joined together.
secondar: the amino acid chain twists and folds into a specific shapes
quaternary structure: several Tartiary structures join together to form a super protein

Question 12

nucleic acids

Answer 12

incules DNA and RNA ( deocyribo-Nucleic- Acid
structure:
monomers calls nucleotides
each nucleotide is made up of a phospate, sugar and nitrogenous base

Question 13

the problem with enzymes

Answer 13

these reactions are essential and will involve either joining molecules together or breaking them apart
examples: photosynthesis, breakingdown of glucose
the problem is enzymes speed up the job of making a reaction that could have taken a live time to do occur in a millisecond

Question 14

3 essential components to enzyme activity

Answer 14

1. the enzyme and its active site
2. the substrate
3. the product

Question 15

what is an active site

Answer 15

the part of the enzyme which the reaction oours. where the substrate binds

Question 16

factors that affect enzyme activity

Answer 16

enzyme concentration
substrate concentration
temperature
ph