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Year 8 > Biology Year 8 > Flashcards

Biology Year 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Organelle?

A

The smallest part within a cell

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2
Q

What is the Cell Membrane?

A

Allows particles in and out of the cell

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3
Q

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Provides a network to the cell membrane and back

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4
Q

What is the Ribosome?

A

Creates new proteins

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5
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Packs and transports protein to different parts of the cell

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6
Q

What is the Lysosome?

A

Breaks down worn out cell components and reuses it

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7
Q

What is the Microtubule?

A

Provides structure and shape to the cytoplasm

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8
Q

What is the Mitochondria?

A

Produces energy for the cell which is made of glucose

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9
Q

What is the Nucleus?

A

Controls the activities of the cell

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10
Q

What is the Chloroplast?

A

Absorbs sunlight and uses it with water and carbon dioxide to produce food- photosynthesis

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11
Q

What is the Vacuole?

A

Provides structure and support for the plant while growing

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12
Q

What is the Cytoplasm?

A

Is a Fluid made up of mostly water that contains all organelles and cell parts

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13
Q

What is the Cell Wall?

A

Gives the cell strength and structure

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14
Q

What does unicellular mean?

A

An organism made up of only one cell

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15
Q

What does multi-cellular mean?

A

An organism made up of more than one cell

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16
Q

What are the parts of an animal cell?

A

Ribosome, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Cell Membrane, Lysosome, Golgi Apparatus, Cytoplasm and Endoplasmic Reticulum

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17
Q

What are the parts of a plant cell?

A

Golgi Apparatus, Chloroplast, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Vacuole, Cell wall, Nucleus and Mitochondria

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18
Q

What is the cell theory?

A
  1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
  2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms
  3. Cells arise from pre- existing cells
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19
Q

What is a cell?

A

The basic unit of structure ad organisation in organisms

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20
Q

What are the characteristics that show that something is living?

A

They move, respire, are sensitive to the world around it, grow, reproduce, excrete and need nutrition

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21
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A

Cells that have developed certain characteristics to perform a particular function

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22
Q

What does a human skin cell do?

A

Provides a complete covering for the body- protection, regulation and sensation

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23
Q

What does a nerve cell in the brain do?

A

Sends info to, and receives info from different parts of the brain

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24
Q

What does a cell from the small intestine do?

A

Passes digested food from space inside intestine into the body

25
Q

What is the structure of a cell?

A

The shape, size and type of organelles are specialised to its particular function

26
Q

What is the function of a cell?

A

What the cell does

27
Q

What are the three types of muscle cells?

A

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

28
Q

What is a skeletal muscle cell?

A

Attached to the skeleton to help the body move around. It is a voluntary muscle

29
Q

What is a smooth muscle cell?

A

Found in organs and are involuntary

30
Q

What is a cardiac muscle cell?

A

Found in the heart and are involuntary

31
Q

What are the characteristics of muscle cells?

A

Long and thin, contract and relax, have lots of mitochondria, change size and allow parts of the body to move

32
Q

What is the function of nerve cells?

A

To carry information between the brain and other parts of the body

33
Q

What is the structure of a nerve cell?

A

Star- shaped body receives messages and sends them down the axon to other nerve cells. Axons are long to transmit messages over long distances

34
Q

What are the 2 main types of blood cells?

A

Red and white

35
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell?

A

They carry oxygen from your lungs around the body to other cells to produce energy. They also carry waste carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be expelled

36
Q

What is the structure of a red blood cell?

A

Small to move through small blood vessels and donut shaped to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide on top of them

37
Q

What is the function of a white blood cell?

A

They are a part of the immune system and destroy pathogens (harmful bacteria and viruses)

38
Q

What is the structure of a white blood cell?

A

Bigger than a red blood cell

39
Q

What are platelets?

A

Stop you from bleeding. Too many can create blood clots in vessels and not enough could lead to an excessive loss of blood.

40
Q

What are the 2 types of fat cells?

A

Brown and white

41
Q

What is the function of white fat cells?

A

Store fat and release it as energy. They also act as insulation to keep the body at a constant temperature

42
Q

What is the function of a brown fat cell?

A

Produce heat and have lots of mitochondria

43
Q

What is the structure of a white fat cell?

A

Are large and round with a large fat storage area

44
Q

What is the structure of a brown fat cell?

A

Are large and round with small fat storage area and lots of mitochondria

45
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Where the food is physically broken down into smaller pieces

46
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

When complex substances in food are broken down into simpler chemicals.

47
Q

What is step 1 in the digestion process?

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdowns in the mouth

48
Q

What is step 2 in the digestion process?

A

Tongue rolls food into a bofus which is pushed down into the Oesophagus where a flap of skin- Epiglottis closes the wind pipe when swallowing

49
Q

What is step 3 in the digestion process?

A

Food enters the stomach (shaped like a bag)

50
Q

What is step 4 in the digestion process?

A

The Liver produces bile and is responsible for the digestion of fats

51
Q

What is step 5 in the digestion process?

A

Pancreas (located in the abdomen) produces Enzymes to help digests carbs, fats and proteins

52
Q

What is step 6 in the digestion process?

A

Small Intestine squeezes and churns food to mix in chemicals

53
Q

What is step 7 in the digestion process?

A

Large Intestine- water is reabsorbed into body from leftover food and remaining nutrients which forms lumps of faeces (stools) which are expelled through anus (sphincter muscle at end of digestive tract)

54
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the circulatory system?

A
  1. Carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells
  2. Carries waste to where they can be disposed of
  3. Distributes heat (a by- product of respiration) throughout the body
55
Q

What is plasma?

A

A clear yellowish liquid that is 90% water and 10%dissolved nutrients and waste. Red and white blood cells and platelets are suspended in it

56
Q

What are the arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart. Walls of arteries are tough and elastic, bouncing back into shape after each beat.

57
Q

What are veins?

A

Carry blood back to the heart. Muscles contract to push blood back to the heart. Valves are positioned along the length of veins to make sure that it travels in one direction only.

58
Q

What are the capillaries?

A

Are the finest blood vessels and reach nearly every cell in the body. Are only one cell thick.

59
Q

What is the heart?

A

It pumps continuously to keep blood moving and is made of the cardiac muscle. It responds to signals sent by the pacemaker. It is a double system as it has two circuits for the blood to flow. One circuit- blood flows from the heart to the body and back to the heart. Other circuit goes from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.

Year 8 (1 decks)

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