Biology Year 8 Flashcards
What is an organelle?
A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function
What are the two main types of cells?
- Prokaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic cells
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A simpler cell with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A more complex cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is the function of the nucleus?
Stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is the function of mitochondria?
Carries out cellular respiration to make energy (ATP)
What is cellular respiration?
Process where the cell breaks down glucose to release energy
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What is the function of ribosomes?
Assemble amino acids into proteins
What are amino acids?
The building blocks of proteins
What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
What is the function of Rough ER?
Helps fold and transport proteins made by ribosomes
What is the function of Smooth ER?
Makes lipids, detoxifies chemicals, stores calcium
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
What is the function of lysosomes?
Break down waste materials, food particles, and worn-out cell parts
What do lysosomes contain?
Enzymes that speed up reactions
What is the function of a vacuole?
Stores materials like water, nutrients, and waste
How do vacuoles differ in plant and animal cells?
Larger and central in plant cells; smaller in animal cells
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters and exits the cell
What does semi-permeable mean?
Lets some things through while blocking others
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides structure, support, and protection in plant cells
What is the cell wall made of?
Cellulose
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Carries out photosynthesis using sunlight to make glucose
