Biology Vocabulary Flashcards
Antibiotics
- substance produced by or derived from a bacterium, fungus, or other organism
- inflections and diseases cause by microorganisms, esp. bacteria
Archaeon (plural Archaea)
- single cell microorganism
- prokaryotes, like bacteria, but share similarities with eukaryotes
Autoimmunity
- when an someone’s immune system reacts against himself/herself
- diseases like lupus, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis
bacterium
- simple, singled celled organisms
- helps with digestion and natural processes
cell
- smallest unit of life capable of living alone
- usually bounded by a membrane
- sometimes include nucleus and other specialized parts
cholestrol
- fatty substance in animal tissues
- produced in the liver
chromonsome
- rode-like structure in the cell nuclei that carries genetic material
cloning
process of copying a particular piece of DNA/organism
DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic acid
- double stranded that carries genetic information
- determines form and function of the living thing
Ecosystem
- independent community of living organisms and their climatic and geographical habitat
Enzyme
protein that promote certain chemical reactions in the body
Estrogen
group of hormones that promote development of female secondary sex characteristics and their reproductive system
- guys have estrogens too
evolution
- process of gradual change that occur in species that adapt to survive
- evolution occurs because of natural selection
eukaryote
single or multi-celled organism whose cell have a nuclei
Gene
portion of DNA molecule that provides the key to assemble the PRTEINS
gene pool
collection and total diversity of gene in an interbreeding pop.
gene therapy
treatment which scientists put functioning genes into a person so they could help them make the proteins
genetic sequencing
the process of finding the order of subunits in a gene or the order of all organism’s genes
genome
complete set of organism’s genetic material
hormone
substance secrete in one part of an organism that maintain the function of tissues or organs
meiosis
process of half chromosomes in gametes (egg/sperm)
metabolism
body’s chemical processes that provide energy for vital functions and new material to be synthesized
mitosis
process in duplicating daughter cells with same DNA
Neuron/nerve cell
any cell in the nervous system that send messages to other cells
nucleus
- regulate growth, metabolism
- genetic material
organism
- capable of growth, metabolism, and usually reproduction
Phenotype
observable properties/characteristics of an organism from their interaction with their genotype and environment
genotype
- genetic make up of an organism
pheromone
chemical released by animal/plant that influence that influence other of their species
RNA
- ribonucleic acid
- single stranded
- assemble proteins
- genetic material for some viruses
Species
population of organism that breed with each other with fertile offsprings
stem cell
the “main” cell that can give rise to other types of cell
e.g. bone arrow can divide and make different blood cells
steriod
- chemical substance
- some are hormones that can suppress immune response or influence stress reaction, blood pressure, or sexual development
testosterone
steroid hormone that stimulate develop of male sexual characteristics and produce sperm
- women have this too
virus
- genetic material w/ surrounding protein shell
- only reproduce inside a living cell
Amino Acid
building blocks of protein
