Biology Vocabulary

Question 1

Antibiotics

Answer 1

• substance produced by or derived from a bacterium, fungus, or other organism
• inflections and diseases cause by microorganisms, esp. bacteria

Question 2

Archaeon (plural Archaea)

Answer 2

• single cell microorganism

- prokaryotes, like bacteria, but share similarities with eukaryotes

Question 3

Autoimmunity

Answer 3

• when an someone’s immune system reacts against himself/herself
• diseases like lupus, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis

Question 4

bacterium

Answer 4

• simple, singled celled organisms

- helps with digestion and natural processes

Question 5

cell

Answer 5

• smallest unit of life capable of living alone
• usually bounded by a membrane
• sometimes include nucleus and other specialized parts

Question 6

cholestrol

Answer 6

• fatty substance in animal tissues

- produced in the liver

Question 7

chromonsome

Answer 7

• rode-like structure in the cell nuclei that carries genetic material

Question 8

cloning

Answer 8

process of copying a particular piece of DNA/organism

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

• Deoxyribonucleic acid
• double stranded that carries genetic information
• determines form and function of the living thing

Question 10

Ecosystem

Answer 10

• independent community of living organisms and their climatic and geographical habitat

Question 11

Enzyme

Answer 11

protein that promote certain chemical reactions in the body

Question 12

Estrogen

Answer 12

group of hormones that promote development of female secondary sex characteristics and their reproductive system
- guys have estrogens too

Question 13

evolution

Answer 13

• process of gradual change that occur in species that adapt to survive
• evolution occurs because of natural selection

Question 14

eukaryote

Answer 14

single or multi-celled organism whose cell have a nuclei

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

portion of DNA molecule that provides the key to assemble the PRTEINS

Question 16

gene pool

Answer 16

collection and total diversity of gene in an interbreeding pop.

Question 17

gene therapy

Answer 17

treatment which scientists put functioning genes into a person so they could help them make the proteins

Question 18

genetic sequencing

Answer 18

the process of finding the order of subunits in a gene or the order of all organism’s genes

Question 19

genome

Answer 19

complete set of organism’s genetic material

Question 20

hormone

Answer 20

substance secrete in one part of an organism that maintain the function of tissues or organs

Question 21

meiosis

Answer 21

process of half chromosomes in gametes (egg/sperm)

Question 22

metabolism

Answer 22

body’s chemical processes that provide energy for vital functions and new material to be synthesized

Question 23

mitosis

Answer 23

process in duplicating daughter cells with same DNA

Question 24

Neuron/nerve cell

Answer 24

any cell in the nervous system that send messages to other cells

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

- regulate growth, metabolism | - genetic material

Question 26

organism

Answer 26

- capable of growth, metabolism, and usually reproduction

Question 27

Phenotype

Answer 27

observable properties/characteristics of an organism from their interaction with their genotype and environment

Question 28

genotype

Answer 28

- genetic make up of an organism

Question 29

pheromone

Answer 29

chemical released by animal/plant that influence that influence other of their species

Question 30

RNA

Answer 30

- ribonucleic acid - single stranded - assemble proteins - genetic material for some viruses

Question 31

Species

Answer 31

population of organism that breed with each other with fertile offsprings

Question 32

stem cell

Answer 32

the "main" cell that can give rise to other types of cell | e.g. bone arrow can divide and make different blood cells

Question 33

steriod

Answer 33

- chemical substance - some are hormones that can suppress immune response or influence stress reaction, blood pressure, or sexual development

Question 34

testosterone

Answer 34

steroid hormone that stimulate develop of male sexual characteristics and produce sperm - women have this too

Question 35

virus

Answer 35

- genetic material w/ surrounding protein shell | - only reproduce inside a living cell

Question 36

Amino Acid

Answer 36

building blocks of protein