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Honors Biology > Biology vocabulary > Flashcards

Biology vocabulary Flashcards

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0
Q

Definition of theory

A

Ideas that have been supported over time

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1
Q

Definition of hypothesis

A

The proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations

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2
Q

Dependent variable

A

Observed factor that may change in response to the other variable

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3
Q

Definition of independent variable

A

The factor that is purposely changed in an experiment

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4
Q

Definition of Control group

A

A group of subjects, closely resembling the experimental group but not receiving the factor under study, which serves as a comparison to the experimental group

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5
Q

Definition of Experimental group

A

A group of subjects which receive the factor under study

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6
Q

Definition of Cell

A

The smallest unit of an organism that can be considered to be alive

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7
Q

Definition of Stimulus

A

Any physical or chemical input that is sensed

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8
Q

Definition of Homeostasis

A

The process by which organisms keep their internal body conditions fairly constant to survive

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9
Q

Definition of evolution

A

A Change in a kind of organism over time

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10
Q

Definition of Atom

A

The basic unit of matter

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11
Q

Definition of proton

A

The positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

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12
Q

Definition of neutron

A

The particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom

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13
Q

Definition of electron

A

The negatively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom

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14
Q

Definition of element

A

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

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15
Q

Definition of Molecule

A

A group of atoms bonded together forming the smallest fundamental unit of a pure substance

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16
Q

Definition of isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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17
Q

Definition of chemical bonding

A

An attraction between two or more atoms resulting in the formation of different chemical substances

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18
Q

Definition of chemical reaction

A

Changes in chemical substances involving bond breaking and or bond forming resulting in different chemical substances

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19
Q

Definition of ion

A

Negative or positively charged atom

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20
Q

Definition of ionic bond

A

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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21
Q

Definition of covalent bond

A

Forms when electrons are shared between atoms

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22
Q

Definition of valence electron

A

The electrons in the outer shell or energy level that are available for bonding

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23
Q

Definition of pH

A

Th measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution

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24
Q

Definition of acid

A

A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion.(H+)

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25
Q

Definition of base

A

A substance that dissolves in water to release a hydroxide ion.(OH+)

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26
Q

Definition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

The nucleic acid that contains all genetic information for the cell

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27
Q

Definition of double helix

A

The shape of DNA that resembles a spiral staircase or twisted ladder

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28
Q

Definition of Nucleic acid

A

The building block of living organisms that passes genetic information from 1 generation to the next

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29
Q

Definition of nucleotide

A

A monomer of nucleic acid; consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

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30
Q

Definition of carbohydrate

A

The molecule that is a major source of energy for an organism

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31
Q

Definition of glucose

A

The monomer of carbohydrates

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32
Q

Definition of protein

A

The molecule needed by organisms for growth and repair

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33
Q

Definition of amino acid

A

The monomer of protein

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34
Q

Definition of enzyme

A

A protein that speeds up biological reactions

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35
Q

Definition of metabolism

A

A set of chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms to sustain life

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36
Q

Definition of lipid

A

The molecule that stores energy and is the main structure or the cell membrane

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37
Q

Definition of solute

A

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

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38
Q

Definition of solvent

A

The substance in which the solute dissolves in a solution

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39
Q

Definition of eukaryotic

A

A cell that contains a nucleus

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40
Q

Definition of prokaryotic

A

A cell that doesn’t contain a nucleus

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41
Q

Definition of organelle

A

Subcellular structures

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42
Q

Definition of ribosomes

A

A cell organelle that makes protein

43
Q

Definition of mitochondria

A

A cell organelle that converts food into cell energy

44
Q

Definition of cell membrane

A

Cell structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell

45
Q

Definition of selectively permeable

A

A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across, while others cannot

46
Q

Definition of cell wall

A

Cell structure found outside the sell membrane in plants, algae, fungi and some bacteria that provides Support and protection

47
Q

Definition of chloroplast

A

The organelle found in some organisms that carries out photosynthesis

48
Q

Definition of cytoplasm

A

The fluid portion of a cell’s interior

49
Q

Definition of nucleus

A

The organelle that controls the cell by producing proteins and contains all genetic material

50
Q

Definition of vacuole

A

The organelle that is used to store materials

51
Q

Definition of cellular transport

A

The movement of materials into, out of, or within of a cell

52
Q

Definition of passive transport

A

Type of cell transport that doesn’t require energy

53
Q

Definition of diffusion

A

The movement of particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

54
Q

Definition of osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

55
Q

Definition of active transport

A

Type of cell transport that does require energy

56
Q

Definition of cellular respiration

A

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen

57
Q

Definition of photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants and some organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose

58
Q

Definition of protein synthesis

A

The process of making protein

59
Q

Definition of cell division

A

The process by which a cell divides into 2 new daughter cell

60
Q

Definition of mitosis

A

The process by which the nucleus is divided into two identical nucli

61
Q

Definition of genetics

A

The study of heredity

62
Q

Definition of genetic variation

A

The tendency of individual genetic characteristics in a population to differ from one another

63
Q

Definition of gene

A

The chemical factor that determines a trait

64
Q

Definition of mutation

A

Any change in DNA

65
Q

Definition of alleles

A

The alternate form of a gene

66
Q

Definition of homozygous

A

An organism with 2 identical alleles for a particular trait

67
Q

Definition of heterozygous

A

An organism with 2 different alleles for a particular trait

68
Q

Definition of Punnett square

A

A tool used to predict outcomes of genetics

69
Q

Definition of genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an organism based on alleles inherited

70
Q

Definition of phenotype

A

A physical characteristic of an organism

71
Q

Definition of inheritance

A

The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring

72
Q

Definition of trait

A

Any specific characteristic of an individual

73
Q

Definition of recombination

A

The formation of new and different sets of chromosomes or genes

74
Q

Definition of meiosis

A

The process that makes the sex cells by reducing the chromosomes number in half

75
Q

Definition of fertilization

A

The joining of male and female reproductive cells to produce a new organism

76
Q

Definition of gamete

A

The term for sex cell, egg or sperm

77
Q

Definition of biological evolution

A

The descent with modification of organisms from common ancestors

78
Q

Definition of natural selection

A

The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Survival of the fittest!

79
Q

Definition of adaptations

A

The inherited traits that increase an organisms chance of survival

80
Q

Definition of behavioral adaptations

A

A type of adaptation that affects the behavior of an animal

81
Q

Definition of physiological adaptations

A

A type of adaptation that affects the function of an organism

82
Q

Definition of morphological adaptations

A

A type of adaptation that affects the structure of an organism

83
Q

Definition of fossil

A

The preserved remains of ancient organisms

84
Q

Definition of fossil record

A

A collection of preserved organisms or their traces stored in earth

85
Q

Definition of radioactive dating

A

The method of calculating the absolute ages of rocks and minerals that contain radioactive isotopes

86
Q

Definition of biological diversity

A

The variety of organisms in the biosphere

87
Q

Definition of ecology

A

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

88
Q

Definition of biosphere

A

The portion of the planet in which all life exists

89
Q

Definition of species

A

A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring

90
Q

Definition of population

A

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

91
Q

Definition of community

A

Two or more different populations that live in a defined area

92
Q

Definition of ecosystem

A

A collection of all organisms that live in a particular place together with their nonliving environment

93
Q

Definition of biome

A

A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant organisms

94
Q

Definition of autotroph

A

An organism that can make its own food internally

95
Q

Definition of heterotroph

A

An organism that relies on other organisms for energy and food supply

96
Q

Definition of food chain

A

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being eaten

97
Q

Definition of food web

A

Links all the food chains in an ecosystem together

98
Q

Definition of biogeochemical cycle

A

A cycle by which materials necessary for organisms are circulated between organisms and through the environment

99
Q

Definition of environment quality

A

The state of environmental conditions

100
Q

Definition of transpiration

A

The evaporation of water from the leaves of plants

101
Q

Definition of nitrogen fixation

A

The conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia by bacteria living in the soil

102
Q

Definition of symbiosis

A

Any relationship in which 2 species live together

103
Q

Definition of mutualism

A

A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit

104
Q

Definition of commensalism

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and causes it no harm

105
Q

Definition of parasitism

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it

Honors Biology (2 decks)

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