Biology Vocab Words

Question 1

Describes chemical reactions that require energy input

Answer 1

Endergonic

Question 2

Inorganic ion, such as iron, and magnesium, required for optimal regulation of enzyme activity

Answer 2

Cofactors

Question 3

Molecule on which the enzyme acts

Answer 3

Substrate

Question 4

Describes chemical reactions that release free energy

Answer 4

Exergonic

Question 5

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded or attached proteins, and seperates the internal content of the cell from its surrounding environment

Answer 5

Plasma Membrane

Question 6

Process that does not use oxygen

Answer 6

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 7

O2 and glucose are broken down to CO2 and H20

Answer 7

Cellular Respiration

Question 8

Alters an enzymes function by changing its shape; does not bind to active site but binds elsewhere on the enzyme

Answer 8

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

Question 9

Gylcerol molecule and 2 fatty acid tails and a phosphate group

Answer 9

Phospholipid

Question 10

• Nucleus
• Membrane bound organelles
• larger
  ex) plants, animals, protists, fungi

Answer 10

Eukaryotic

Question 11

Each of the partial partitions in a mictochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane (the folds)

Answer 11

Cristae

Question 12

Electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen in a series of redox reactions

Answer 12

Election transport chain

Question 13

Are proteins which function as biological catalysts. they increase the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction itself

Answer 13

Enzymes

Question 14

• When NAD+ accepts electrons (reduced)

- Transfers electrons from one step to another

Answer 14

NADH+

Question 15

Process of break down glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH

Answer 15

Glycolysis

Question 16

Process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen

Answer 16

Aerobic Respiration

Question 17

Type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the active site of the enzyme

Answer 17

Competitive Inhibitor

Question 18

Small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance the activity of an enzyme

Answer 18

Coenzyme

Question 19

Specific region of the enzyme to which the substrate binds

Answer 19

Active site

Question 20

Adenosine Triphosphate, the cells energy currency

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

Type of energy associated with objects or particles in motion

Answer 21

Kinetic Energy

Question 22

Type of energy that has potential to do work; stored energy

Answer 22

Potential Energy

Question 23

Energy necessary for reactions to occur

Answer 23

Activation Energy

Question 24

Process of passing bulk material out of a cell

Answer 24

Exocytosis

Question 25

Method of transporting material that requires energy

Answer 25

Active Transport

Question 26

Transport of water through a semiperable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane that results from the presence of solute that cannot pass through the membrane

Answer 26

Osmosis

Question 27

Molecule with the ability to bond with water, ''water-loving"

Answer 27

Hydrophilic

Question 28

Molecule that does not have the ability to bond with water, "water-hating"

Answer 28

Hydrophobic

Question 29

- Tight Junctions - Anchoring Junctions - Gap Junctions

Answer 29

Cell Junctions

Question 30

Material secreted from animal cells that provides mechanical protection and anchoring for the cells in the tissue.

Answer 30

Extracellular Matrix

Question 31

Network of protein fibers that collectively maintain the shape of the cell, secure some organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm and vesticles to move within the cell, and enable unicellular organisms to move independently

Answer 31

Cytoskeleton

Question 32

Region of the endoplasmic reticulum that has few or no ribosomes on it cyoplasmic surface and sythesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxifies certain chemicals, and stores calcium ions

Answer 32

Smooth ER

Question 33

Region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes and engages in protein modification and phospholipid synthesis

Answer 33

Rough ER

Question 34

Eukaryotic organelle made up of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for distribution

Answer 34

Gogli Apparatus

Question 35

Membrane bound sac, somewhat larger that a vesicle, which functions in cellular storage and transport

Answer 35

Vacuoles

Question 36

Cell organelle that houses the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

Answer 36

Nucleus

Question 37

Cellular organelles reponsible for carrying out cellular respiration resulting in the production of ATP, the cells main energy carrying molecule

Answer 37

Mitochondria

Question 38

Organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cells digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acid, and even worn-out organelles

Answer 38

Lysosomes

Question 39

Plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis

Answer 39

Chloroplasts

Question 40

Rigid cell covering made of cellulose that protects the cell, provides structural support and gives shape to the cell

Answer 40

Cell Wall

Question 41

-No Nucleus --No Membrane bound organelles -Smaller EX) Bacteria, Archaea

Answer 41

Prokaryotic

Question 42

Type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles into a cell

Answer 42

Endocytosis

Question 43

Polar or charged substances can move across a membrane with the help of transport proteins

Answer 43

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 44

The movement of electrons from one molecule to another during a chemical reaction

Answer 44

Oxidation-reduction Reaction (redox reaction)

Question 45

Process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor, occurs in the absence of oxygen

Answer 45

Fermentation

Question 46

Passive process of transport of low molecular weight material according to its concentrations gradient

Answer 46

Diffusion

Question 47

Compartment or sac within a cell

Answer 47

Organelle

Question 48

Group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins

Answer 48

Endomembrane system

Question 49

Cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis

Answer 49

Ribosome

Question 50

Production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis and oxygen

Answer 50

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 51

Characteristic of a membrane from the cell wall and constriction of the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution

Answer 51

Selective Permeability

Question 52

Process in which there is a production of ATP in cellular metabolism by the involvement of proton gradient across the membrane

Answer 52

Chemiosmosis

Question 53

Series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction of central importance in all living cells

Answer 53

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 54

An important enzyme in the process of oxidizing glucose is a coenzyme

Answer 54

NAD+