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Biology 1410 > Biology Vocab Words > Flashcards

Biology Vocab Words Flashcards

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1
Q

Describes chemical reactions that require energy input

A

Endergonic

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2
Q

Inorganic ion, such as iron, and magnesium, required for optimal regulation of enzyme activity

A

Cofactors

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3
Q

Molecule on which the enzyme acts

A

Substrate

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4
Q

Describes chemical reactions that release free energy

A

Exergonic

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5
Q

Phospholipid bilayer with embedded or attached proteins, and seperates the internal content of the cell from its surrounding environment

A

Plasma Membrane

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6
Q

Process that does not use oxygen

A

Anaerobic Respiration

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7
Q

O2 and glucose are broken down to CO2 and H20

A

Cellular Respiration

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8
Q

Alters an enzymes function by changing its shape; does not bind to active site but binds elsewhere on the enzyme

A

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

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9
Q

Gylcerol molecule and 2 fatty acid tails and a phosphate group

A

Phospholipid

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10
Q
  • Nucleus
  • Membrane bound organelles
  • larger
    ex) plants, animals, protists, fungi
A

Eukaryotic

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11
Q

Each of the partial partitions in a mictochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane (the folds)

A

Cristae

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12
Q

Electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen in a series of redox reactions

A

Election transport chain

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13
Q

Are proteins which function as biological catalysts. they increase the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction itself

A

Enzymes

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14
Q
  • When NAD+ accepts electrons (reduced)

- Transfers electrons from one step to another

A

NADH+

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15
Q

Process of break down glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH

A

Glycolysis

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16
Q

Process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen

A

Aerobic Respiration

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17
Q

Type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the active site of the enzyme

A

Competitive Inhibitor

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18
Q

Small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance the activity of an enzyme

A

Coenzyme

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19
Q

Specific region of the enzyme to which the substrate binds

A

Active site

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20
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate, the cells energy currency

A

ATP

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21
Q

Type of energy associated with objects or particles in motion

A

Kinetic Energy

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22
Q

Type of energy that has potential to do work; stored energy

A

Potential Energy

23
Q

Energy necessary for reactions to occur

A

Activation Energy

24
Q

Process of passing bulk material out of a cell

A

Exocytosis

25
Q

Method of transporting material that requires energy

A

Active Transport

26
Q

Transport of water through a semiperable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane that results from the presence of solute that cannot pass through the membrane

A

Osmosis

27
Q

Molecule with the ability to bond with water, ‘‘water-loving”

A

Hydrophilic

28
Q

Molecule that does not have the ability to bond with water, “water-hating”

A

Hydrophobic

29
Q
  • Tight Junctions
  • Anchoring Junctions
  • Gap Junctions
A

Cell Junctions

30
Q

Material secreted from animal cells that provides mechanical protection and anchoring for the cells in the tissue.

A

Extracellular Matrix

31
Q

Network of protein fibers that collectively maintain the shape of the cell, secure some organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm and vesticles to move within the cell, and enable unicellular organisms to move independently

A

Cytoskeleton

32
Q

Region of the endoplasmic reticulum that has few or no ribosomes on it cyoplasmic surface and sythesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxifies certain chemicals, and stores calcium ions

A

Smooth ER

33
Q

Region of the endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes and engages in protein modification and phospholipid synthesis

A

Rough ER

34
Q

Eukaryotic organelle made up of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for distribution

A

Gogli Apparatus

35
Q

Membrane bound sac, somewhat larger that a vesicle, which functions in cellular storage and transport

A

Vacuoles

36
Q

Cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

A

Nucleus

37
Q

Cellular organelles reponsible for carrying out cellular respiration resulting in the production of ATP, the cells main energy carrying molecule

A

Mitochondria

38
Q

Organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cells digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acid, and even worn-out organelles

A

Lysosomes

39
Q

Plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

40
Q

Rigid cell covering made of cellulose that protects the cell, provides structural support and gives shape to the cell

A

Cell Wall

41
Q

-No Nucleus
–No Membrane bound organelles
-Smaller
EX) Bacteria, Archaea

A

Prokaryotic

42
Q

Type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles into a cell

A

Endocytosis

43
Q

Polar or charged substances can move across a membrane with the help of transport proteins

A

Facilitated Diffusion

44
Q

The movement of electrons from one molecule to another during a chemical reaction

A

Oxidation-reduction Reaction (redox reaction)

45
Q

Process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor, occurs in the absence of oxygen

A

Fermentation

46
Q

Passive process of transport of low molecular weight material according to its concentrations gradient

A

Diffusion

47
Q

Compartment or sac within a cell

A

Organelle

48
Q

Group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins

A

Endomembrane system

49
Q

Cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

50
Q

Production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis and oxygen

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

51
Q

Characteristic of a membrane from the cell wall and constriction of the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution

A

Selective Permeability

52
Q

Process in which there is a production of ATP in cellular metabolism by the involvement of proton gradient across the membrane

A

Chemiosmosis

53
Q

Series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction of central importance in all living cells

A

Citric Acid Cycle

54
Q

An important enzyme in the process of oxidizing glucose is a coenzyme

A

NAD+

Biology 1410 (2 decks)

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