Biology- vocab Flashcards
Autosome
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Haploid cell
a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
Diploid cell
Has two copies of each chromosome
Gene locus
a specific location of a gene on a chromosome
Sister chromatids
identical copies formed by DNA replication
Gametes
sex cells (male and female)
Crossing over
the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes
Somatic cells
cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells
Genetic recombination
the physical breakage, exchange, and rejoining of two DNA molecules
Nondisjunction
Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate
Karyotype
an individuals complete set of chromosomes
Zygote
a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes
Tetrad
a group or set of four
Spermatocyte
the production of sperm cells
Homologous chromosomes
two same chromosome pairs
Chromatin
a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms
Incomplete dominance
A form of gene interaction where both alleles are partially expressed (mixture)
Recessive trait
Requires both alleles to be recessive in order to be expressed
Gamete
Reproductive cell of an animal or plant
Heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a particular gene
Allele frequency
Percentage of a population that carries a particular locus
Pedigree
A diagram that tracks or traces a specific trait in a family
Exchange of Genetic Information
Exchange of genetic information between different organisms
Somatic cells
Body cells (any cell that is not a sex cell)
Incomplete dominance
A form of gene interaction where both alleles are partially together (spotted/pattern)
Phenotype
Physical characteristic that is determined by genotype
Fertilization
The union/joining of two gametes
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an individual
Allele
Variations of a specific gene
Gene
A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific trait
GMO
An animal, plant, or microbe whose DNA has been altered
Homologous pairs
Chromosomes that contain the same exact genes, but with slightly different variations
Karyotype
An organized profile/diagram of an individual’s chromosomes
Homozygous
Having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
Oocyte
An immature female egg cell
Centromere
Location where two chromatids are linked to form a chromosome
