Biology unit test 4 vocab

Question 1

Cytology

Answer 1

study of cells

Question 2

Ingestion

Answer 2

ability to take in nutrients and dissolved materials

Question 3

Digestion

Answer 3

ability to break food or nutrients down into simpler forms for utilization

Question 4

Respiration

Answer 4

ability to release energy from the breakdown of food molecules

Question 5

Transport

Answer 5

ability to distribute molecules from one part of a cell to another

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

ability to maintain internal stability

Question 7

Synthesis

Answer 7

ability to combine simple compounds into complex molecules

Question 8

Secretion

Answer 8

ability to release biosynthesized substances

Question 9

Excretion

Answer 9

ability to remove soluble metabolic waste from the cell

Question 10

Egestion

Answer 10

ability to remove nonsoluble, undigested waste from the cell

Question 11

Irritability

Answer 11

ability to respond to stimuli

Question 12

Movement

Answer 12

ability to move

Question 13

Reproduction

Answer 13

ability to produce more cells

Question 14

Organelle

Answer 14

tiny cellular structure that carries out a specific function necessary for the cell’s survival

Question 15

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 15

cell that has no membrane-bound nucleus or other distinct membrane-bound organelles

Question 16

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 16

cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane -bound organelles

Question 17

Plasma Membrane

Answer 17

the semipermeable membrane between the cells contents and the cells surroundings

Question 18

Cytoplasm

Answer 18

jellylike fluid inside the cell that keeps the organelles suspended

Question 19

Cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 19

motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell’s content

Question 20

Ribosomes

Answer 20

non-membrane bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis

Question 21

Cell wall

Answer 21

rigid structure on the outside of plant and bacteria cells that protect it

Question 22

Middle lamella

Answer 22

thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

Question 23

Nuclear membrane

Answer 23

highly porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 24

Chromatin

Answer 24

long strands of clusters of DNA and proteins (or RNA and proteins) in the nucleus of a cell

Question 25

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

organelle composed of a network of folded membranes that perform tasks within a cell

Question 26

Rough ER

Answer 26

ER that is dotted with ribosomes

Question 27

Smooth ER

Answer 27

ER that has no ribosomes

Question 28

Golgi apparatus

Answer 28

organelles where proteins and lipids are stored then modified to suit the needs of the cell

Question 29

Vacuole

Answer 29

large membrane-bound organelles used for storage of food, water, or waste

Question 30

Vesicle

Answer 30

smaller membrane-bound organelles used mainly for transport of food, waste, or products synthesized for secretion

Question 31

Secretory vesicle

Answer 31

vesicle that holds products of biosynthesis and transports them to the plasma membrane for secretion

Question 32

Central vacuole

Answer 32

large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled w/ water

Question 33

Lysosome

Answer 33

the organelles in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, carbohydrates and lipids

Question 34

Peroxisome

Answer 34

cell organelle containing enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of fatty acids and hydrogen perioxide

Question 35

Mitochondria

Answer 35

double-membrane-bound organelle that converts nutrients into energy

Question 36

Plastids

Answer 36

double-membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of plants, algae, and protozoa which either manufacture of store food

Question 37

Chloroplasts

Answer 37

plastids containing the green pigment, chlorophyll, used in photosynthesis

Question 38

Chromoplasts

Answer 38

plastids containing the yellow, orange, or red pigments used in photosynthesis

Question 39

Leucoplasts

Answer 39

nonpigmented plastids that store starches or oils

Question 40

Cytoskeleton

Answer 40

network of fibers that holds the cell together and helps with movment