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SNC201 > BIOLOGY UNIT TEST > Flashcards

BIOLOGY UNIT TEST Flashcards

1
Q

Diffusion-

A

Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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2
Q

Osmosis-

A

Diffusion with water

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3
Q

Gene-

A

A region of DNA that codes for a specific trait

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4
Q

Inherited trait-

A

Feature or characteristic that’s passed on

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5
Q

Mitosis-

A

Division of the nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei

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6
Q

Cytokinesis-

A

Division of cytoplasm,organelles

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7
Q

Enzyme-

A

Protein that helps speed up chemical reaction in your body

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8
Q

Circulation-

A

The flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels

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9
Q

Atria-

A

The two upper left and right chambers of the heart, receives blood

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10
Q

Internal respiration-

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and body cells

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11
Q

Alimentary canal-

A

Digestive tract between the mouth and anus

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12
Q

Accessory organs-

A

Organs that produce secretions that assist in the digestion of food

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13
Q

Immunization-

A

Procedure that increases an organism‘s reaction to antigens

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14
Q

Antibodies-

A

Proteins which help destroy the pathogens

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15
Q

Benign tumour-

A

Non cancerous, remains in one place

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16
Q

Malignant tumour-

A

Cancerous, spreads throughout the body

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17
Q

Tumour-

A

Abnormal lump of cells

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18
Q

Metasis-

A

Spread of cancer from beginning spot to the body via the bloodstream

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19
Q

Cell specialization-

A

Cells developed from similar cells that have specific functions

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20
Q

Cell differentiation

A

A stage of development in which specialized cells form

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21
Q

Meristematic cells-

A

Responsible for growth in a plant, un specialized plant cell that gives rise to a specific cell

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22
Q

Bud-

A

Swelling of the stem

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23
Q

Terminal bud

A

Located at the tip of the plant

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24
Q

Lateral bud

A

Located below the terminal bud

25
Q

Xylem-

A

Transports water and minerals up from the roots

26
Q

Phloem-

A

Move food up and down throughout the plant

27
Q

Photosynthesis-

A

Carbon dioxide enters the leaves and reacts with water and sunlight to make glucose and oxygen

28
Q

Stem cell-

A

Specialized cell that can produce various specialized cells

29
Q

Mechanical digestion –

A

Physical breakdown of food into smaller parts (mainly mouth and stomach)

30
Q

Chemical digestion –

A

Chemical breakdown of food into particles so small that they can be absorbed (involves enzymes and digestive juices)

31
Q

Ventricles –

A

The two lower right and left chambers, pumps out blood

32
Q

Blood vessels –

A

Interconnected tubes that carry blood and dissolve through the body

33
Q

Breathing –

A

Mechanical process which moves air into and out of the lungs

34
Q

External respiration –

A

When O2 and CO2 are exchanged between the alveoli and the capillaries that rest on the surface of the alveoli

35
Q

Gas exchange –

A

Movement of oxygen, gas, and carbon dioxide in opposite directions between the alveoli and the blood capillaries

36
Q

Vaccine –

A

A substance containing some version of actual disease – using organisms that have been either weekend or dead

37
Q

What are the three key points of the cell theory?

A
  1. all living things are composed of one or more cells.
    2.cells are the basic unit units of structure and function
    3.all cells come from pre-existing cells
38
Q

What are the factors that affect rate of diffusion?

A

Surface area of the cell membrane, concentration difference, diffusion distance, temperature, diffusion medium,

39
Q

What is the purpose of cell division?

A

For growth, maintenance, and repair of the cells

40
Q

What occurs in the cell division phases?

A

Prophase – chromatin coils up to chromosomes, nucleus, and nuclear membrane disappear

Metaphase – double stranded chromosomes lineup along the middle of the cell

Anaphase- spindle fibres begin to shorten and contract, chromosomes split into two sister, chromatids, centromeres are separated

Telophase- the nucleus splits into 2 even nuclei

41
Q

What are cancer cells? How are they different from? Normal cells?

A

Cancer cells divide out of control, faster and more often. Cancer cells can pile up on one another.

42
Q

Know what a cancer cell looks like

A

on review

43
Q

What are the three types of plant tissues and their functions?

A
  1. Dermal – defense, helps absorb water.
  2. Vascular– xylem and phloem.
  3. Ground – in roots, stores food. in stems, provide storage and support.
44
Q

What are the four types of plant organs and their functions?

A
  1. Leaf – photosynthetic structure, contains chloroplasts, stores, extra glucose
  2. Stem – protection, support, transportation, contains most of the xylem tissue
  3. Root – anchor, helps absorb water from soil.
  4. Flower – reproductive organ.
45
Q

What are the parts of the leaf, their description and function?

A
  1. Cuticle – waxy, waterproof coating – prevents water loss.
  2. Epidermis – one cell thick outermost layer of leaf – protects inner cells
  3. Guard cells – open and close stomata – control gas exchange through stoma.
  4. Palisade layer – densely packed, column shaped mesophyll cells – site of gas exchange
  5. Spongy layer – loosely spaced mesophyll cells.-site of gas exchange
  6. Veins – contains xylem and phloem – xylem and phloem definition
46
Q

Word and chemical equation of photosynthesis

A

Light
Carbon dioxide + water————-> Glucose+ oxygen. Chlorophyll

                        Light 6CO + 6H2O —————-> C6 H12 06 + 6O2
                    Chlorophyll
47
Q

What are the structures and functions of the flower?

A
  1. Anther- pollen bearing portion.
  2. Filament – stock of stamen.
  3. Stigma – sticky top of carpel, receptive surface for pollen grains.
  4. Style – stock of carpel, between stigma and ovary, pollen tube grows
  5. Ovary – enlarged base of carpel, becomes fruit
  6. Sepal- leaf like structures at flower base.
48
Q

What is an embryonic stem cell? What is an adult stem cell?

A

And specialized cell that is able to differentiate into any kind of cell. An adult stem cell is only certain types of cells more limited use.

49
Q

What are the four main tissues in all animals? what are their descriptions and functions?

A
  1. Epithelial tissue – tightly packed, protective barrier – protects structures.
  2. Connective tissue – tendons, ligaments, bones, fat, cartilage, blood - forms blood, stores fat
  3. Muscle tissue – the three types are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. – Allows movement, skeletal is voluntary.
  4. Nervous tissue – several nerve cells – create messages and transmits messages throughout the body.
50
Q

List the parts of the digestive system and their functions

A
  1. Oral cavity (mouth) – breaks down food in the two digestive ways, chemical and physical
  2. esophagus – once swallowed past through the fairing into the esophagus, long muscular, connects the mouth to the stomach
  3. Stomach – holds food and churns it, digestive enzymes, and acids.
  4. Small intestine – goblet cells, release, mucus, nutrients diffuse through wall.
  5. Large intestine – larger diameter than small intestine, absorbs water from indigestible food.
  6. Rectum – lower end of large intestine.
  7. Anus - excrete remaining solid matter as feces.
51
Q

What are the steps in the digestive process?

A

1) ingestion – taking food into body

2) digestion – breaking down food, mechanically, and chemically

3) absorption - broken down food leaving digestive tract

4) Egestion- removal of solid waste

52
Q

What are the three components of the circulatory system?

A

Blood, heart, vessels

53
Q

What are the two main components in blood?

A

Plasma and formed elements

54
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries veins, and capillaries

55
Q

What are the two main circulatory routes?

A

1) pulmonary circulation – from the pulmonary artery to the lungs

2) systematic circulation – from the aorta to the body

56
Q

What are the respiratory system structures and functions?

A

1) nasal cavity – nose

2) pharynx (throat) - path for air and food

3) epiglottis – flap that prevents food from being breathed in

4) larynx (voice box) - vocal cords

5) trachea – connects throat to the bronchi

6) bronchi – two tubes consist of Cartlidge rings, smooth muscle, mucus cells, and cilia

7) bronchioles – inside lungs, contain cartilage rings, smooth muscle

8) alveoli – air sacs, gas exchange with capillaries

9) lungs – two spongy organs

10) diaphragm – surrounds each lung with fluid in between

57
Q

What are the two parts of breathing?

A

Inhalation and exhalation

58
Q

What are the word and chemical equations of cellular respiration?

A

Word: Oxygen + glucose ———> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Chemical: 6O2 + C6 H12 O6 ——-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (atp)

59
Q

Whos gonna fail the test?

A

Nissan, nancy and katherine

SNC201 (2 decks)

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