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Biology grade 10 > biology unit test > Flashcards

biology unit test Flashcards

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1
Q

Differences between animal and plant cells

A

Animal- lysosomes, centrioles for cell division,

Plant- chloroplasts , cell wall

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2
Q

Cell theory

A
  • Cells are the smallest units of life
  • All cells come from preexisting cells
  • All living things are made up of cells
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3
Q

field diameter of each power

A

low - 4000
medium - 1600
high -400

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4
Q

total magnification

A

= eyepiece magnification x objective magnification

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5
Q

Cell division - reproduction

asexual vs sexual

A

asexual - one parent, offspring looks identical

sexual - two parents, offspring similar not identical

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6
Q

Cell division - growth

A

as organism grows number of cells increases

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7
Q

Cell division - repair

A

when body cells die, they are replaced with new ones

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8
Q

what are the phases of mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, Anaphase, telophase

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9
Q

Prophase

A
  • DNA thickens + becomes shorter -> chromosomes
  • Nucleus membrane starts to dissolve
  • chromosomes released into cytoplasm
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10
Q

Metaphase

A

-Chromosomes line up the middle of the cell

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11
Q

Anaphase

A
  • Chromosomes separate into 2 sister strands

- Spindle fibres pull each half of the chromosome to opposite poles of cell

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12
Q

Telophase

A
  • Last phase in mitosis

- new nucleus membrane start to form

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13
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Plant cells - Cell plates form to become cell wall, separate the two new daughter cells

Animal - Pinches off the centre form two daughter cell

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14
Q

specialized cells

A
  • perform a specific function
  • structure is linked to function
    ex: nerve cells, blood cells, muscle cells
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15
Q

hierarchy of organization

A

cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism

Heart muscle cell -> heart muscle tissue-> heart -> circulatory system -> human

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16
Q

tumour

benign vs malignant

A

malignant - tumour interferes with functioning of surrounding cells
benign - tumour does not affect surrounding tissue other than physically growing and crowding them

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17
Q

metatastasis

A

-cancer cells breaking away from the original tumour and establishing a second tumour elsewhere in the body

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18
Q

causes and risks of cancer

A

cause - tobacco smoking, radiation, family history, some viruses, certain chemicals in plastics, alcohol

risks - personal and family medical history, carcinogens in environment, lifestyle choices (smoking, alcohol)

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19
Q

prevention of cancer

A
  • don’t smoke
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20
Q

screening - cancer

A

checking for cancer even if no symptoms
- medical appointment
- done at home
it is important for: family history with cancer, exposure to carcinogens at work

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21
Q

diagnosis - cancer

self-diagnosis

A
  • may notice they fell very tired

- losing weight for no reason

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22
Q

treatments for cancer

A

biophonics - beams of light
radiation - damage cell so cant divide
chemo - using drugs
surgery - physical removal

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23
Q

diagnosis - cancer

endoscopy

A

-endoscopy - tiny camera that sends images

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24
Q

diagnosis -cancer

CT CAT scan

A

-CT or CAT scan - x-rays ​from different angles

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25
Q

diagnosis -cancer

MRI

A

MRI- radio waves + magnetic field= image better that ct

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26
Q

diagnosis cancer

ultrasound

A

ultrasound- ultra-high frequency sound waves to create images

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27
Q

chromatid

A

rod-like strands of condensed chromatin, 2 identical chromatid form sister chromosome

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28
Q

chromatin

A

long thin DNA - containing strands scattered throughout the nucleus between cell divisions

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29
Q

mitcondria

A

maks energy for cell

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30
Q

golgi apparatus

A

processes, packages, and screts protiens

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31
Q

lysosome

A

animal cell only

digestion

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32
Q

vacules

A

storees food, water and waste

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33
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

transport materials

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34
Q

ribosome

A

makes protin

35
Q

Centriole

A

animal cell only

helps cell divison

36
Q

nucleolus

A

makes ribionsomes

37
Q

stem cells

A

unspecilized cell (turn into ant other cell

38
Q

tissue stem cell

A

can only be one type of cell come from tissue

39
Q

embryonic stem cell

A

comes from embryo can become any other type of cell (no tissue I think)

40
Q

accessory organs (digestive system)

A

liver
gall bladder
pancreas

41
Q

liver

A

helps breaks down fat+ produce bile

42
Q

pancreas

A

produces digestive enzymes and insulin (regulates sugar in blood)

43
Q

gall bladder

A

stores bile

44
Q

esophagus

A

contracts without conscious push food down to stomach

45
Q

3 parts of small intestines

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

46
Q

small intestines

A

chemical digestion and nutrients absorption( microvilli, villi)

47
Q

3 parts of large intestines

A

ascending, transverse descending colon

48
Q

large intestines

A

absorb water and vitamins

49
Q

rectum

A

feces ( parts of food that is not absorbed) build up

50
Q

Anus

A

remain indigestible food are removed from the body

51
Q

aveoli

A

leaves on a tree

gas exchange between air and blood all gas to diffuse easily

51
Q

aveoli

A

leaves on a tree

gas exchange between air and blood all gas to diffuse easily

52
Q

names and functions of two circuits

A

systemic - supplies organs with blood

pulmonary - carry blood to lungs to drop off CO2 to gt O2

53
Q

4 components of blood

A

platelets, plasma, white blood cells and red blood cells

54
Q

red blood cells

function, volume, features

A
  • allow transportation of O2
  • 1/2 of blood volume
  • round with dent in center
55
Q

white blood cells

function, volume, description

A
  • fights infections/ viruses
  • <1% of blood volume
  • colorless +granulated + large nucleus
56
Q

platelets

function, volume, description

A
  • clot blood
  • <1% of blood volume
  • tiny cell fragments
57
Q

plasma

function, volume, decription

A
  • carries blood cells
  • over half of blood volume
  • protein rich liquid that blood cells sit in
58
Q

Arteries

A

carries blood away from heart
thick walled
largest is aorta

59
Q

veins

A

carries blood back to heart

have valves

60
Q

3 types of connective tissue

A

cartilages, ligaments, muscles, bones

61
Q

ligaments

A

tough elastic connective tissue that hold bones together

62
Q

cartilages

A

provides a strong, flexible, low friction support for bones and other tissues

63
Q

bones

A

bone cells in a made up of mainly calcium and phosphorus between collagen fibres; canals contain nerves and blood vessels

64
Q

muscle

A

a bundle of muscle fibers voluntary and involuntary

65
Q

musculoskeletal system function

A

support the body, protect organs and make movement possible

66
Q

what is cancer

A

uncontrolled cell growth, (cell division)

constantly dividing never returning to to interpose

67
Q

how does air travel in the respiratory system

A 
air enters the mouth and noes 
passes through the pharynx (throat)
travels down the trachea (windpipe)
enters the bronchi
enters the brooches 
enters the alveoli (air sacs)
68
Q

what are the 3 major tissues

A

dermal, vascular, ground

contains specialized cells

69
Q

dermal tissue functions

A

defense, water absorption, water proofing

70
Q

meristematic cells

A

differentiate or specialized in to other plant tissue cells
usually are in cell division
fount at the pant tips

71
Q

roots functions

A
  • anchor the plant
  • absorb water from soil
    storage
72
Q

ground tissue functions

A

photosynthesis

  • stores carbohydrates
  • support stem
73
Q

vascular tissue

A

transports minerals and sugar

2 types Xylem, Phloem

74
Q

2 types of vascular tissue

A

xylem- elongated cells - transports water and roots

phloem - living cells- transport sugar and hormones

75
Q

absorbing light

A

chlorophyll absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

76
Q

obtains carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

A
  • produces wax called cuticles. it prevents drying out

- gasses enter and exit using the stomata

77
Q

what are of the plant preforms photosynthesis

A

leaves

78
Q

guard cells

A

on each side of the stomata

close stomata on hot days to prevent plants from losing water

79
Q

chemical equation for photosynthesis and cellar respiration

A

P: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy = 6O2 + C6 H12 O6

CD: C6 H12 O2 + H2O = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + eneergy

80
Q

word equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration

A

P: carbon dioxide+ water + light = oxygen + glucose

CD: glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

81
Q

earth worms digestive system

A 
mouth 
pharynx (throat)
esophagus 
crop
gizzard
intestines
anus
82
Q

circulatory connection to digestive system

A

without the c only the tissue beside the wall of the digestive system would get nutrient

83
Q

circulatory connection to musculoskeletal

A

the circulatory delivers a constant supply of oxygen and nutrient

Biology grade 10 (3 decks)

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