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biology unit test Flashcards

1
Q

Differences between animal and plant cells

A

Animal- lysosomes, centrioles for cell division,

Plant- chloroplasts , cell wall

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2
Q

Cell theory

A
  • Cells are the smallest units of life
  • All cells come from preexisting cells
  • All living things are made up of cells
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3
Q

field diameter of each power

A

low - 4000
medium - 1600
high -400

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4
Q

total magnification

A

= eyepiece magnification x objective magnification

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5
Q

Cell division - reproduction

asexual vs sexual

A

asexual - one parent, offspring looks identical

sexual - two parents, offspring similar not identical

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6
Q

Cell division - growth

A

as organism grows number of cells increases

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7
Q

Cell division - repair

A

when body cells die, they are replaced with new ones

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8
Q

what are the phases of mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, Anaphase, telophase

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9
Q

Prophase

A
  • DNA thickens + becomes shorter -> chromosomes
  • Nucleus membrane starts to dissolve
  • chromosomes released into cytoplasm
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10
Q

Metaphase

A

-Chromosomes line up the middle of the cell

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11
Q

Anaphase

A
  • Chromosomes separate into 2 sister strands

- Spindle fibres pull each half of the chromosome to opposite poles of cell

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12
Q

Telophase

A
  • Last phase in mitosis

- new nucleus membrane start to form

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13
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Plant cells - Cell plates form to become cell wall, separate the two new daughter cells

Animal - Pinches off the centre form two daughter cell

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14
Q

specialized cells

A
  • perform a specific function
  • structure is linked to function
    ex: nerve cells, blood cells, muscle cells
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15
Q

hierarchy of organization

A

cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism

Heart muscle cell -> heart muscle tissue-> heart -> circulatory system -> human

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16
Q

tumour

benign vs malignant

A

malignant - tumour interferes with functioning of surrounding cells
benign - tumour does not affect surrounding tissue other than physically growing and crowding them

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17
Q

metatastasis

A

-cancer cells breaking away from the original tumour and establishing a second tumour elsewhere in the body

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18
Q

causes and risks of cancer

A

cause - tobacco smoking, radiation, family history, some viruses, certain chemicals in plastics, alcohol

risks - personal and family medical history, carcinogens in environment, lifestyle choices (smoking, alcohol)

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19
Q

prevention of cancer

A
  • don’t smoke
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20
Q

screening - cancer

A

checking for cancer even if no symptoms
- medical appointment
- done at home
it is important for: family history with cancer, exposure to carcinogens at work

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21
Q

diagnosis - cancer

self-diagnosis

A
  • may notice they fell very tired

- losing weight for no reason

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22
Q

treatments for cancer

A

biophonics - beams of light
radiation - damage cell so cant divide
chemo - using drugs
surgery - physical removal

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23
Q

diagnosis - cancer

endoscopy

A

-endoscopy - tiny camera that sends images

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24
Q

diagnosis -cancer

CT CAT scan

A

-CT or CAT scan - x-rays ​from different angles

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25
diagnosis -cancer | MRI
MRI- radio waves + magnetic field= image better that ct
26
diagnosis cancer | ultrasound
ultrasound- ultra-high frequency sound waves to create images
27
chromatid
rod-like strands of condensed chromatin, 2 identical chromatid form sister chromosome
28
chromatin
long thin DNA - containing strands scattered throughout the nucleus between cell divisions
29
mitcondria
maks energy for cell
30
golgi apparatus
processes, packages, and screts protiens
31
lysosome
animal cell only | digestion
32
vacules
storees food, water and waste
33
endoplasmic reticulum
transport materials
34
ribosome
makes protin
35
Centriole
animal cell only | helps cell divison
36
nucleolus
makes ribionsomes
37
stem cells
unspecilized cell (turn into ant other cell
38
tissue stem cell
can only be one type of cell come from tissue
39
embryonic stem cell
comes from embryo can become any other type of cell (no tissue I think)
40
accessory organs (digestive system)
liver gall bladder pancreas
41
liver
helps breaks down fat+ produce bile
42
pancreas
produces digestive enzymes and insulin (regulates sugar in blood)
43
gall bladder
stores bile
44
esophagus
contracts without conscious push food down to stomach
45
3 parts of small intestines
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
46
small intestines
chemical digestion and nutrients absorption( microvilli, villi)
47
3 parts of large intestines
ascending, transverse descending colon
48
large intestines
absorb water and vitamins
49
rectum
feces ( parts of food that is not absorbed) build up
50
Anus
remain indigestible food are removed from the body
51
aveoli
leaves on a tree | gas exchange between air and blood all gas to diffuse easily
51
aveoli
leaves on a tree | gas exchange between air and blood all gas to diffuse easily
52
names and functions of two circuits
systemic - supplies organs with blood | pulmonary - carry blood to lungs to drop off CO2 to gt O2
53
4 components of blood
platelets, plasma, white blood cells and red blood cells
54
red blood cells | function, volume, features
- allow transportation of O2 - 1/2 of blood volume - round with dent in center
55
white blood cells | function, volume, description
- fights infections/ viruses - <1% of blood volume - colorless +granulated + large nucleus
56
platelets | function, volume, description
- clot blood - <1% of blood volume - tiny cell fragments
57
plasma | function, volume, decription
- carries blood cells - over half of blood volume - protein rich liquid that blood cells sit in
58
Arteries
carries blood away from heart thick walled largest is aorta
59
veins
carries blood back to heart | have valves
60
3 types of connective tissue
cartilages, ligaments, muscles, bones
61
ligaments
tough elastic connective tissue that hold bones together
62
cartilages
provides a strong, flexible, low friction support for bones and other tissues
63
bones
bone cells in a made up of mainly calcium and phosphorus between collagen fibres; canals contain nerves and blood vessels
64
muscle
a bundle of muscle fibers voluntary and involuntary
65
musculoskeletal system function
support the body, protect organs and make movement possible
66
what is cancer
uncontrolled cell growth, (cell division) | constantly dividing never returning to to interpose
67
how does air travel in the respiratory system
``` air enters the mouth and noes passes through the pharynx (throat) travels down the trachea (windpipe) enters the bronchi enters the brooches enters the alveoli (air sacs) ```
68
what are the 3 major tissues
dermal, vascular, ground | contains specialized cells
69
dermal tissue functions
defense, water absorption, water proofing
70
meristematic cells
differentiate or specialized in to other plant tissue cells usually are in cell division fount at the pant tips
71
roots functions
- anchor the plant - absorb water from soil storage
72
ground tissue functions
photosynthesis - stores carbohydrates - support stem
73
vascular tissue
transports minerals and sugar | 2 types Xylem, Phloem
74
2 types of vascular tissue
xylem- elongated cells - transports water and roots | phloem - living cells- transport sugar and hormones
75
absorbing light
chlorophyll absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
76
obtains carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
- produces wax called cuticles. it prevents drying out | - gasses enter and exit using the stomata
77
what are of the plant preforms photosynthesis
leaves
78
guard cells
on each side of the stomata | close stomata on hot days to prevent plants from losing water
79
chemical equation for photosynthesis and cellar respiration
P: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy = 6O2 + C6 H12 O6 CD: C6 H12 O2 + H2O = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + eneergy
80
word equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration
P: carbon dioxide+ water + light = oxygen + glucose CD: glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy
81
earth worms digestive system
``` mouth pharynx (throat) esophagus crop gizzard intestines anus ```
82
circulatory connection to digestive system
without the c only the tissue beside the wall of the digestive system would get nutrient
83
circulatory connection to musculoskeletal
the circulatory delivers a constant supply of oxygen and nutrient

Biology grade 10 (3 decks)

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