Biology unit 8B5 Flashcards
Outline the flow of air from the atmosphere into our lungs, starting from our nasal cavity.
Nasal Cavity - Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli
Describe the state of the diaphragm as we breathe in.
Contracts and flattens
Describe the state of the diaphragm as we breathe out.
Relaxes and return to dome shape
State the function of the ribcage.
Protect the heart and lungs
State one adaptation of the lungs for efficient gas exchange.
Lots of alveoli to increase surface area;
What is the scientific name for the windpipe?
Trachea
What is ventilation?
Breathing
What are tiny air sacs in the lungs called?
Alveoli
Define “diffusion”
The moment of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Which gas diffuses from the alveoli (lungs) into the blood?
Oxygen
Which gas diffuses from the blood into the alveoli (lungs)?
Carbon dioxide
Which chemical in the red blood cells attaches to oxygen so that it can carry it around the body?
Haemoglobin
Which cells line the trachea to sweep the mucus and dust from the lungs?
Ciliated cells
Which disease destroys the alveoli?
Emphysema
What does the trachea divide into?
Two bronchi
What does exercise cause to increase?
breathing rate
What is asthma?
A disease that affects the respiratory system
Which part of the gas exchange system does asthma affect
Bronchioles
What happens to the bronchioles during an asthma attack?
The muscles in the lining of the bronchioles contract. More fluid is produced
Name 3 harmful substances found in cigarettes
tar * nicotine * carbon monoxide
Where are blood cells made?
Bone marrow
Which part of the skeleton protects the lungs
The rib cage
Which mineral makes bones strong?
calcium
Name the 4 main functions of the skeleton
- Support 2. protect vital organs 3. movement 4. make blood cells
Name the smooth substance at the end of a bone
cartilage
How are muscles attached to bone?
By strong tendons
How are bones linked together
Joints
How do muscles work?
By getting shorter - contraction
What are antagonistic muscles?
A ‘pair’ of muscles that act on a joint. As one contracts, the other relaxes
