Biology unit 8B5

Question 1

Outline the flow of air from the atmosphere into our lungs, starting from our nasal cavity.

Answer 1

Nasal Cavity - Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli

Question 2

Describe the state of the diaphragm as we breathe in.

Answer 2

Contracts and flattens

Question 3

Describe the state of the diaphragm as we breathe out.

Answer 3

Relaxes and return to dome shape

Question 4

State the function of the ribcage.

Answer 4

Protect the heart and lungs

Question 5

State one adaptation of the lungs for efficient gas exchange.

Answer 5

Lots of alveoli to increase surface area;

Question 6

What is the scientific name for the windpipe?

Answer 6

Trachea

Question 7

What is ventilation?

Answer 7

Breathing

Question 8

What are tiny air sacs in the lungs called?

Answer 8

Alveoli

Question 9

Define “diffusion”

Answer 9

The moment of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 10

Which gas diffuses from the alveoli (lungs) into the blood?

Answer 10

Oxygen

Question 11

Which gas diffuses from the blood into the alveoli (lungs)?

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide

Question 12

Which chemical in the red blood cells attaches to oxygen so that it can carry it around the body?

Answer 12

Haemoglobin

Question 13

Which cells line the trachea to sweep the mucus and dust from the lungs?

Answer 13

Ciliated cells

Question 14

Which disease destroys the alveoli?

Answer 14

Emphysema

Question 15

What does the trachea divide into?

Answer 15

Two bronchi

Question 16

What does exercise cause to increase?

Answer 16

breathing rate

Question 17

What is asthma?

Answer 17

A disease that affects the respiratory system

Question 18

Which part of the gas exchange system does asthma affect

Answer 18

Bronchioles

Question 19

What happens to the bronchioles during an asthma attack?

Answer 19

The muscles in the lining of the bronchioles contract. More fluid is produced

Question 20

Name 3 harmful substances found in cigarettes

Answer 20

tar * nicotine * carbon monoxide

Question 21

Where are blood cells made?

Answer 21

Bone marrow

Question 22

Which part of the skeleton protects the lungs

Answer 22

The rib cage

Question 23

Which mineral makes bones strong?

Answer 23

calcium

Question 24

Name the 4 main functions of the skeleton

Answer 24

1. Support 2. protect vital organs 3. movement 4. make blood cells

Question 25

Name the smooth substance at the end of a bone

Answer 25

cartilage

Question 26

How are muscles attached to bone?

Answer 26

By strong tendons

Question 27

How are bones linked together

Answer 27

Joints

Question 28

How do muscles work?

Answer 28

By getting shorter - contraction

Question 29

What are antagonistic muscles?

Answer 29

A ‘pair’ of muscles that act on a joint. As one contracts, the other relaxes