biology unit

Question 1

What are the 6 elements that blood is made up of?

Answer 1

erythrocytes (red blood cells)
lymphocytes (type of white blood cell)
neutrophils (type of white blood cell)
monocytes (type of white blood cell)
platelets
plasma

Question 2

Scientific term for red blood cells

Answer 2

erythrocytes

Question 3

Scientific term for white blood cells

Answer 3

leukocytes

Question 4

What are the types of white blood cells?

Answer 4

lymphocytes
neutrophils
monocytes

Question 5

What is the role of red blood cells?

Answer 5

Their primary function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissue and carbon dioxide away from the body tissue as a waste product and back to the lungs

Question 6

What is the role of white blood cells?

Answer 6

Fight infection and aid in the immune process.

Question 7

What are platelets?

Answer 7

They help with blood clotting. Much smaller in size than other cells. Group together to form clumps in the hole of a vessel to stop bleeding.

Question 8

What is plasma?

Answer 8

The liquid component of blood in which white and red blood cells are suspended

Question 9

Where do red blood cells get oxygen from?

Answer 9

The lungs. They then deliver it to body tissues and transport carbon back to lungs.

Question 10

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 10

A protein. Carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body

Question 11

What is oxyhaemoglobin?

Answer 11

Combination of oxygen and haemoglobin

Question 12

Where are blood cells made?

Answer 12

In the bone marrow

Question 13

What is bone marrow?

Answer 13

a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones. Where blood cells are made.

Question 14

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 14

Transportation
Temperature regulation
Exchanging materials with body tissues
Preventing infection
Blood clotting

Question 15

What does the blood transport?

Answer 15

It transports dissolved materials needed for life around the body such as glucose, vitamins and minerals.

Also transports some products of digestion which cannot dissolve in water.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are also transported between the lungs and tissues.

Blood also transports hormones to target organs to change the way the organ functions or to trigger a response.

Question 16

How does the blood regulate temperature?

Answer 16

Blood removes heat and circulates it around the body. The heat is caused by our body respiring as the product of this reaction is thermal energy.

Question 17

How are red blood cells adapted to form with oxygen?

Answer 17

They have no nucleus and a biconcave shape to increase the surface area to volume ratio of cells that helps with the exchange of oxygen.

Question 18

How does the blood prevent infection?

Answer 18

White blood cells. They recognise pathogens that enter our bodies and make antibodies specific to them. Antibodies bind to antigens and white blood cells bind to them and engulf them which breaks the pathogen down

Question 19

What is our optimum body temperature?

Answer 19

37 degrees Celsius

Question 20

Why is it important to keep body temperature regulated?

Answer 20

Because enzymes, which we need for all chemical reactions in our body, become denatured by changes in temperature.

Question 21

What does it mean if an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 21

The shape changes so they no longer work.

Question 22

What do arteries do?

Answer 22

Carry blood AWAY from the heart

Question 23

What do veins do?

Answer 23

Carry blood back TOWARDS the heart

Question 24

Why is their two pulmonary arteries?

Answer 24

Because there is two lungs

Question 25

What is the world ‘pulmonary’ relating to?

Answer 25

The lungs

Question 26

What is the main artery?

Answer 26

The aorta

Question 27

Difference between superior and inferior vena cava?

Answer 27

Superior brings blood from top half of the body, inferior brings it from bottom half.

Question 28

What is one way to monitor the cardiac cycle?

Answer 28

An ECG