biology unit Flashcards
What are the 6 elements that blood is made up of?
erythrocytes (red blood cells) lymphocytes (type of white blood cell) neutrophils (type of white blood cell) monocytes (type of white blood cell) platelets plasma
Scientific term for red blood cells
erythrocytes
Scientific term for white blood cells
leukocytes
What are the types of white blood cells?
lymphocytes
neutrophils
monocytes
What is the role of red blood cells?
Their primary function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissue and carbon dioxide away from the body tissue as a waste product and back to the lungs
What is the role of white blood cells?
Fight infection and aid in the immune process.
What are platelets?
They help with blood clotting. Much smaller in size than other cells. Group together to form clumps in the hole of a vessel to stop bleeding.
What is plasma?
The liquid component of blood in which white and red blood cells are suspended
Where do red blood cells get oxygen from?
The lungs. They then deliver it to body tissues and transport carbon back to lungs.
What is haemoglobin?
A protein. Carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body
What is oxyhaemoglobin?
Combination of oxygen and haemoglobin
Where are blood cells made?
In the bone marrow
What is bone marrow?
a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones. Where blood cells are made.
What are the functions of blood?
Transportation Temperature regulation Exchanging materials with body tissues Preventing infection Blood clotting
What does the blood transport?
It transports dissolved materials needed for life around the body such as glucose, vitamins and minerals.
Also transports some products of digestion which cannot dissolve in water.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are also transported between the lungs and tissues.
Blood also transports hormones to target organs to change the way the organ functions or to trigger a response.
How does the blood regulate temperature?
Blood removes heat and circulates it around the body. The heat is caused by our body respiring as the product of this reaction is thermal energy.
How are red blood cells adapted to form with oxygen?
They have no nucleus and a biconcave shape to increase the surface area to volume ratio of cells that helps with the exchange of oxygen.
How does the blood prevent infection?
White blood cells. They recognise pathogens that enter our bodies and make antibodies specific to them. Antibodies bind to antigens and white blood cells bind to them and engulf them which breaks the pathogen down
What is our optimum body temperature?
37 degrees Celsius
Why is it important to keep body temperature regulated?
Because enzymes, which we need for all chemical reactions in our body, become denatured by changes in temperature.
What does it mean if an enzyme is denatured?
The shape changes so they no longer work.
What do arteries do?
Carry blood AWAY from the heart
What do veins do?
Carry blood back TOWARDS the heart
Why is their two pulmonary arteries?
Because there is two lungs
