Biology Unit 7

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

the basic unit of life, capable of carrying out all life processes

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

states that all living things are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 3

Light Microscope

Answer 3

uses visible light and lenses to magnify small objects

Question 4

Scanning Electron Microscope

Answer 4

provides 3D images of surfaces by scanning with an electron beam

Question 5

Transmission Electron Microscope

Answer 5

produces detailed internal images by transmitting electrons through a speciman

Question 6

Prokaryote

Answer 6

a simple, single-celled organism without a nucleus (e.g bacteria)

Question 7

Eukaryote

Answer 7

a more complex cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g plant and animal cells )

Question 8

Cell wall

Answer 8

rigid layer providing structure and protection to bacterial cells

Question 9

Flagella

Answer 9

tall-like structures that enable bacteria to move

Question 10

Chromosomes

Answer 10

circular DNA molecule in bacteria, contacting genetic info

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

sites of protein synthesis

Question 12

Pathogenic bacteria

Answer 12

bacteria that causes diseases

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

the control center of the cell, containing DNA

Question 14

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 14

double membrane surrounding the nucleus

Question 15

Nuclear Pores

Answer 15

opening in the nuclear envelope that regulate the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus

Question 16

Nucleolus

Answer 16

region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

structures that synthesize proteins, found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Question 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis

Question 19

Rough ER

Answer 19

studded with ribosomes; involved in protein synthesis

Question 20

Smooth ER

Answer 20

lacks ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 21

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 21

modifies; sorts, and packages for transport

Question 22

Vesicles

Answer 22

small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials within the cell

Question 23

Lyosomes

Answer 23

organelles containing enzymes to break down waste

Question 24

Peroxisomes

Answer 24

organelles that detoxify harmful substances and break down fatty acids

Question 25

Vacuoles

Answer 25

large storage sacs in cells, especially prominent in plant cells

Question 26

Microtubules

Answer 26

hollow tubes that provide structural support and are involved in cell division and transport

Question 27

Centrosome

Answer 27

region where microtubules are organized

Question 28

Centrioles

Answer 28

cylindrical structures involved in cell division in animal cells

Question 29

Microfilaments

Answer 29

thin proteins filaments involved in movement and support of the cell

Question 30

Cilia

Answer 30

short, hair-like structures that help move substances across the cell surface

Question 31

Flagella

Answer 31

long, whip-like structures used for cell movement

Question 32

Mitochondria

Answer 32

organelles that generate ATP through cellular respiration

Question 33

Chloroplast

Answer 33

organelles in plants cells that carry out photosynthesis

Question 34

The Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 34

proposes that eukaryotic cells evolved when a prokaryotic cell engulfed another prokaryote, which became an organelle like mitochondria or chloroplast

Question 35

The Plasma Membrane

Answer 35

the outer membrane of a cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 36

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 36

two-layered arrangement of phospholipids that make up the cell membrane

Question 37

Amphipathic

Answer 37

a molecule with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts (like a phospholipid)

Question 38

Selective Permeability

Answer 38

the ability of the cell membrane to allow some substances to pass while blocking others

Question 39

The Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 39

describe the plasma membrane as a flexible structure with various proteins embedded in it

Question 40

Passive Transport

Answer 40

movement of substances across a cell membrane without energy input

Question 41

Active Transport

Answer 41

movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP)

Question 42

Diffusion

Answer 42

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 43

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 43

diffusion of molecules across a membrane through protein channels

Question 44

Osmosis

Answer 44

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 45

Aquaporins

Answer 45

water channels proteins in the cell membrane through protein channels

Question 46

Isotonic solutions

Answer 46

solutions with equal concentrations of solutes inside and outside the cell

Question 47

Hypertonic solutions

Answer 47

a solution with a higher solute concentration that inside the cell, causing water to leave the cell

Question 48

Hypotonic solutions

Answer 48

A solution with a lower concentration than inside the cell, causing water to enter the cell

Question 49

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 49

the pressure exerted by the movement of water during osmosis

Question 50

Bulk Transport

Answer 50

the process of moving large particles or volumes across the cell membrane

Question 51

Endocytosis

Answer 51

the process by which a cell takes in large particles by engulfing them

Question 52

Phagocytosis

Answer 52

"cell eating", where a cell engulfs solid particles

Question 53

Pinocytosis

Answer 53

"cell drinking", where a cell engulfs liquids

Question 54

Exocytosis

Answer 54

the process by which a cell expels large particles