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Biology Unit 6 > Biology Unit 6 > Flashcards

Biology Unit 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Base triplets in mRNA strand

A

Codon

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2
Q

Any change in DNA

A

Mutation

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3
Q

Base sequence must be removed before translation

A

Intron

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4
Q

Contains that bases Adenine and Guanine

A

Purines

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5
Q

Gene variations that arise by mutation and exist at the same relative location on homologous chromosomes

A

Allele

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6
Q

Three-nucleotide sequence in a tRNA molecule that corresponds to an mRNA codon

A

Anticodon

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7
Q

Process through which messenger RNA forms on a template of DNA

A

Transcription

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8
Q

Physical and functional unit of heredity, a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein

A

Gene

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9
Q

Total gene information of a cell or organism

A

Genome

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10
Q

DNA sequence to which RNA polymerase and associated factors bind and initiate transcription

A

Promoter

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11
Q

DNA fragment that is synthesized in short stretch son the lagging strand

A

Okazaki Fragment

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12
Q

Set of all codons

A

Genetic Code

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13
Q

Nucleotides linked by covalent bonds

A

Phosphodiester

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14
Q

Mutation in which DNA sequence jumps into middle of Gene : these segments can turn on and off genes

A

Transposon

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15
Q

Making a mRNA molecule from the DNA Template

A

Translation

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16
Q

What is Chargaff’s Rule?

A

A=T

C=G

17
Q

Why is the DNA molecule described as being antiparallel?

A

One strand runs 5’ to 3’ and the other runs 3’ to 5’

18
Q

Describe the organization of a DNA nucleotide

A

Carbon atoms in sugar designated by numbers (1’ to 5’)
- Nitrogenous Base on 1’
- Hydroxyl Group on 3’
- Phosphate on 5’
Nucleotides form alternating sugar-phosphate backbone.

19
Q

Compare and Contrast RNA and DNA

A

RNA : contains Ribose, single stranded, bases = ACGU : mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

DNA : polymer of nucleotides (deoxyribose, phosphate, and one of the four nitrogenous bases). : Base = purines and Pyrimidines : double helix (anti-parallel strand).

20
Q

What are the Different Types of RNA? What are their Functions?

A

Messenger RNA : translation of RNA from Nucleus to ribosomes

Transfer RNA : carries amino acid triplet codes to the mRNA

Ribosome RNA : catalyst assembly of amino acids into protein chains.

21
Q

What does it mean when the genetic code is described as redundant?

A

The genetic code is described as redundant which means it having more codons than amino acids.

22
Q

DNA replication is described as semi-conservative. What does that word mean?

A

Bases on “old” strand join nucleotide to form “new” strand.

23
Q

Distinguish between the terms leading strand and lagging strand. In your description, include the term Okasaki Fragments.

A

DNA replication occurs continuously only in the 5’ to 3’ direction (leading strand)

Replication can only occur discontinuously in the 3’ to 5’ (lagging strand)
-> short 5’ to 3’ stretches are added one at a time, which are Okasaki fragments

24
Q

What are the enzymes that are involved in DNA replication? Describe the function of each enzyme.

A

DNA Polymerase : attach short stretches of nucleotides to unwound part of template

DNA ligase : fill in tiny gaps between new short stretches to form continous strand

DNA heliocase : unzips the DNA molecule into two pieces

Enzyme repair DNA where base-pairing errors have crept into nucleotide sequence.

25
Q

Transcribe and Translate the following DNA sequence :

A

5’ CATTTCACGGAGACT 3’
GUAAAGUGCCUCUGA
Val , Lys , Cys , Leu

26
Q

If a mutation deleted the second T base, how would protein synthesis be effected?

A

5’ CATTCACGGAGACT 3’
GUAAGUGCCUCUGA
Val , Ser , Ala , Ser

27
Q

Distinguish between point and frameshift mutation

A

Point mutation : change in only one nucleotide

Frameshift : one or more nucleotides inserted or deleted form molecule, causes alteration in reading frame

28
Q

Distinguish between missence and frameshift mutations

A

Missence : replace of one amino acid for another

Nonsense : convert codon to termination codon

29
Q

Parts of mRNA that will be translated into protein

A

Exon

Biology Unit 6 (1 decks)

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