Biology unit 5 retake

Question 1

The difference between atp and adp

Answer 1

Atp has 3 phosphates while atp has 2

Question 2

Phosphorylation

Answer 2

The process by adding a group of phosphoryl into a molecule

Question 3

Atp hydrolysis

Answer 3

Catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in high energy phosphoanhydride bonds in atp

Question 4

Exergonic

Answer 4

Metabolic process accomplish by the the realease of energy

Question 5

Endergonic

Answer 5

Requiring the absorption of energy

Question 6

Glycolysis

Answer 6

The process of breaking glucose ( 6 carbon molecules) into 2 pyruvate molecules (3 carbon molecules)

Question 7

Input for glycolysis

Answer 7

Glucose, 2 atp , 2NAD+

Question 8

Output for glycolysis

Answer 8

2 pyruvate, 4 Atp (net of 2), 2NADH

Question 9

Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic

Answer 9

Anaerobic

Question 10

Energy investment phase

Answer 10

2 atp molecules are used to begin the process of glycolysis this makes the gluclose molecule unstable so that it can be broken down

Question 11

Energy payoff phase

Answer 11

The electrons (and hydrogen) are transformed to 2 NAD+ to make 2 NADH

Question 12

Aerobic respiration

Answer 12

Requires oxygen (02) in order to create atp

Question 13

cellular respiration equation

Answer 13

C6+H12+602–>6CO2+6H20+ATP

Question 14

Heterotroph

Answer 14

Are organisms that must get their energy from other energy because they cannot produce their own

Question 15

Cellular respiration carriers

Answer 15

NADH AND FADH

Question 16

When is Fad/fadh created

Answer 16

During the kreb cycle

Question 17

Linear pathways

Answer 17

Follow a step by step sequence where each enzymatic reaction results in the transformation of a substrate into an intermediate product

Question 18

Link reaction

Answer 18

Converts pyruvate (3 carbon molecule) into Acetyl-COA (2 carbon molecule) produces O2 as a waste product and fills one electron carrier

Question 19

Where does the link reaction occur

Answer 19

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 20

Inputs of link reaction

Answer 20

2 pyruvate, 2 NAD+

Question 21

Output for link reaction

Answer 21

2 Acetyl-COa, 2 NADH

Question 22

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 22

Electron transport carrier

Question 23

Location of OP

Answer 23

Inner membrane

Question 24

ETC

Answer 24

A series of proteins and organic molecules found in inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 25

The final electron acceptor of etc

Answer 25

Oxygen

Question 26

Fermentation regenerates NAD+ in order to allow what to countine under anaerobic conditions

Answer 26

Glycolysis

Question 27

2 types of fermentation

Answer 27

Alcohol fermentation and Lactic acid fermentation

Question 28

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 28

Gluclose —> 2 lactate + 2 ATP (humans,animals, and some bacteria)

Question 29

Input for Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 29

Glucose

Question 30

Output of lactic acid fermentation

Answer 30

Lactic acid (lactate), NAD+, small amount of atp

Question 31

Why is lactic acid not a good long term solution for humans?

Answer 31

Because humans have large energy (atp) and only 2 atp are produced

Question 32

Pros of aerobic respiration

Answer 32

Much more atp is produced

Question 33

Cons of aerobic respiration

Answer 33

Requires 02 and special structure Slower

Question 34

Pros of anaerobic respiration

Answer 34

Produced atp in the absence of o2

Question 35

Cons of anaerobic respiration

Answer 35

Much fewer atp than aerobic (2 v. 36-38)

Question 36

Kreb cycle location

Answer 36

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 37

Inputs of the kreb cycle

Answer 37

Acetyl coa, h20, NAD+, FAD, ADP

Question 38

Outputs of the kreb cycle

Answer 38

NADJ, FADH2

Question 39

Cyclic metabolic pathway

Answer 39

A series of chemical reactions in a cell where the starting molecule regenerated at the end of the pathway

Question 40

Catabolism

Answer 40

Is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are ether oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions

Question 41

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 41

NOT utilizing o2 while breaking down organic molecules

Question 42

Alcohol fermentation

Answer 42

Gluclose—> 2 ethanol+ 2CO2+2ATP

Question 43

Input of alcohol fermentation

Answer 43

Gluclose

Question 44

Output of alcohol fermentation

Answer 44

Ethanol and co2

Question 45

Electro magnetic spectrum

Answer 45

Is the range of all types of em radiation

Question 46

Pigment

Answer 46

A colored substance produced by living organisms that gives color to plant or animal tissues, often by selectively absorbing certain wavelengths of light

Question 47

Absorption

Answer 47

The process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across tissues and organs

Question 48

Reflection

Answer 48

The act of reflecting or turning or sending back or the state of being reflected

Question 49

Absorption spectrum

Answer 49

Range of wavelengths of light absorbed by pigments

Question 50

Action spectrum

Answer 50

Shows the effectiveness of different wavelengths of light

Question 51

Chlorophyll

Answer 51

A green pigment found primarily in plants

Question 52

Chromatography

Answer 52

Enables the seperation, identification, different components within a complex mixture

Question 53

Photoautotroph

Answer 53

An organism that uses light energy from sunlight to synthesize its own food

Question 54

Light reaction

Answer 54

Utilizes photosynthetic pigments to absorb light

Question 55

Where does light reaction occur

Answer 55

Thylakoids

Question 56

Light energy splits what and produces o2 as a by product

Answer 56

H20 - water

Question 57

Ins of light reaction

Answer 57

Sunlight, water, adp, nadp

Question 58

Outs of light reaction

Answer 58

O2, atp, nadph

Question 59

Where does the Calvin cycle occur

Answer 59

Stroma

Question 59

Calvin cycle

Answer 59

Uses atp and nadph from the light reaction

Question 60

What does the Calvin cycle produce

Answer 60

Sugar

Question 61

Ins of the Calvin cycle

Answer 61

Co2, atp, nadph

Question 62

Out of Calvin cycle

Answer 62

Sugar, adp, nadphb

Question 63

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

Answer 63

Light intensity Co2 concentration Temperature

Question 64

Green house with manipulated co2 concentration

Answer 64

Increases co2 concentration in a greenhouse It measures the biomass compared to a control

Question 65

Pro of a greenhouse experiment

Answer 65

Tighter control

Question 66

Con of greenhouse

Answer 66

Artificial environment

Question 67

Face free air carbon dioxide enrichment experiments

Answer 67

Pipes surround area and real ease co2 into the atmosphere

Question 68

Pros of face

Answer 68

Carried out in a natural ecosystem

Question 69

Cons of face

Answer 69

Expensive and harder to control

Question 70

Endosymbiosis

Answer 70

Two living organisms living inside of each other

Question 71

Evidence of endosymbiosis

Answer 71

DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 72

Monosaccharides

Answer 72

Glucose fructose and galactose

Question 73

Disacchride

Answer 73

Sucrose matlose

Question 74

Polysacchride

Answer 74

Starch glycogen cellulose heparin

Question 75

Alpha over beta