biology unit 4 vocab

Question 1

A bilayer that makes up the cell membrane; semi-permeable; allows small non-polar molecules through easily

Answer 1

phospholipid layer

Question 2

cell name tag; for cell identification and signaling

Answer 2

glycolipid

Question 3

cell name tag; for cell identification and signaling

Answer 3

glycoprotein

Question 4

carb chains play a crucial role in cell-to-cell recognition and is where pathogens can gain entry into host cells

Answer 4

carbohydrate

Question 5

keeps the fluidity of the cell (helps to maintain the fluid structure)

Answer 5

cholesterol

Question 6

loosely bound to surface of membrane; used as a receptor

Answer 6

peripheral protiens

Question 7

protein locked into the cell membrane

Answer 7

carrier protein

Question 8

a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substancesw

Answer 8

solvent

Question 9

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

Answer 9

solute

Question 10

movement across the cell membrane without using ATP (energy)

Answer 10

passive transport

Question 11

movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through the phospholipid bilayer without using ATP

Answer 11

Simple diffusion

Question 12

movement of particles through the membrane using special protiens

Answer 12

facilitated diffusion

Question 13

diffusion of water through the membrane by aquaporins

Answer 13

osmosis

Question 14

Is ATP required for passive transport

Answer 14

no

Question 15

is passive transport moving with or against the gradient

Answer 15

with

Question 16

examples of substances that use passive transport

Answer 16

non-polar molecules, small molecules

Question 17

What type of passive transport is when a solute moves from high to low concentration directly through the phospholipid portion of the bilayer

Answer 17

simple diffusion

Question 18

What type of passive transport is when a solute moves from high to low concentration through a transport (or channel) protein to cross the membrane

Answer 18

facilitated diffusion

Question 19

solute concentration is lower on the outside thsb it is on the inside (causing water to move into the cell

Answer 19

hypotonic

Question 20

if an animal cell (98% water) is in a 100% water environment what will happen

Answer 20

swell

Question 21

the solute concentration is higher in the solution outside the cell than inside (water moves out of cell to where there was less)

Answer 21

hypertonic

Question 22

if a animal cell (98% water) is in a 95% water enviorment what would happen

Answer 22

shrivel or shrink

Question 23

when the cell swells and bursts because of a hypotonic solution

Answer 23

lyse

Question 24

when the cell shrinks because of a hypertonic solution

Answer 24

plasmolyze

Question 25

the pressure created by osmosis as water enters into a plant cell. This is what gives plants rigidity so they can “stand up” and not wilt.

Answer 25

Turgor Pressure