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Gr. 11 Biology > Biology unit 3 > Flashcards

Biology unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How do cells specialize to perform a specific function in a multicellular organism?

A

produce proteins to facilitate that function

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2
Q

How does active transport store potential energy?

A

It strengthens a concentration gradient.

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3
Q

How does a biological pathway work?

A

Proteins coordinate a chain reaction consisting of numerous steps

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4
Q

What is the purpose of ATP in cellular respiration?

A

it stores the potential energy released from glucose molecules.

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5
Q

What are the four cellular processes?

A
  1. cellular respiration
  2. cellular reproduction
  3. protein synthesis
  4. cellular transport
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6
Q

Four parts that make up the cell membrane

A
  1. hydrophilic head
  2. hydrophobic tail
  3. lipid bilayer
  4. channel protien
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7
Q

Organelle that modifies proteins

A

RER

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8
Q

Organelle that manufactures lipids

A

SER

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9
Q

organelle that assembles proteins

A

ribosome

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10
Q

organelle that stores nutrients or waste

A

vacuole

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11
Q

Organelle that breaks down molecules and wastes

A

lysosome

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12
Q

organelle that modifies and labels lipids and proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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13
Q

Organelle that extracts energy from organic molecules

A

mitochondrion

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14
Q

Three stages of cellular respiration

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. citric acid cycle
  3. election transport chain
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15
Q

What gas does the citric acid cycle produce

A

CO_2

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16
Q

What part of the cell does glycolysis happen in

A

cytoplasm

17
Q

what part of the cell does the citric acid cycle happen in

A

mitochondria

18
Q

What part of the cell does the electron transport chain happen in

A

mitochondria

19
Q

how many ATP does the electron transport chain produce

A

32

20
Q

What part of cellular respiration produces 2 ATP, 2 FADH_2, and 6 NADH

A

citric acid cycle

21
Q

what part of cellular respiration splits glucose into 2 three-carbon molecules

A

glycolysis

22
Q

what part of cellular respiration pumps hydrogen ions using energy stored in NADH and FADH_2

A

electron transport chain

23
Q

How is information in DNA structured so ribosomes know which amino acid to use and in what sequence the amino acids should be assembled.

A

it’s arranged into groups of 3 called codons. the mRNA fits into them like a mold so the tRNA can arrange into the proper amino acid.

24
Q

Explain the process of protein synthesis from transcription to translation

A

> DNA strands partially unzip
mRNA takes a copy of the DNA
mRNA strands leave the nucleus and go to the ribosome
tRNA uses the mRNA to create its own string of molecules
the sequence of the tRNA creates a chain of amino acids that are formed into proteins

Gr. 11 Biology (11 decks)

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