Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Composition > Biology Unit 3 > Flashcards

Biology Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is the process in which organisms use energy from sunlight to make the sugar glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What types of organisms do photosynthesis?

A

Plants, some protists, and some bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the parts of the chloroplast?

A

Thylakoids (Grana - group of Thylakoids) and Stroma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is chlorophyll and why is it important?

A

Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light energy. Chlorophyll absorbs the energy from sunlight, and it is transferred to ATP and NADPH, which is necessary for plant growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do gasses enter and exit the leaves of plants?

A

Through the stomata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose and Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide and Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis and where do they take place?

A

Light Dependent Reactions - Thylakoids, Light Independent Reactions - Stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens in the light reactions?

A

Chlorophyll absorbs the energy from sunlight, and it is transferred to ATP and NADPH. Water is split and oxygen is released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is produced in the light reactions that go into the Calvin cycle?

A

Carbon Dioxide (ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in the Calvin cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy from light-dependent reactions (ATP and NADPH) are used to make the sugar glucose (C6H12O6).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is photosynthesis important?

A

Photosynthesis is necessary for plant growth by using its resources to produce energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Cellular respiration is the main process that converts glucose into ATP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which organisms do cellular respiration?

A

Plants, Animals, and all other Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is ATP?

A

ATP is the energy carrying molecule of cells.

17
Q

What are the parts of a mitochondrion?

A

The Inner Membrane, the Cytoplasm, and the Matrix.

18
Q

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

A

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 –> 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP

19
Q

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

A

Glucose and Oxygen

20
Q

What are the products of cellular respiration?

A

Carbon Dioxide and Water

21
Q

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration? Where do they take place?

A

Glycolysis - Cytoplasm, Kreb’s Cycle - Inner Membrane, and Electron Transport Chain (ETC) - The Matrix.

22
Q

What happens during glycolysis?

A

Glucose is broken down into 2 pieces (pyruvate) that enter the Krebs cycle and a little ATP is made. Electrons go to ETC.

23
Q

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

A

The rest of glucose is broken down and electrons that are extracted go to the ETC. A little ATP is made.

24
Q

What happens during the electron transport chain?

A

Energy is transferred to a chain of proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The proteins use the energy to pump hydrogen ions against the membrane. ATP is created and water is formed.

25
Q

What are the molecules that carry electrons to the electron transport chain?

A

NADH and FADH2

26
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis? Krebs cycle? ETC?

A

Glycolysis - 2, Kreb’s Cycle - 2, and ETC - 32-36

27
Q

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic requires oxygen, anaerobic does not require oxygen.

28
Q

What types of organisms do anaerobic respiration?

A

Bacteria, Animals, and Yeast

29
Q

What is a byproduct of lactic acid fermentation?

A

2 ATP and 2 Lactic Acid (Lactate)

30
Q

What is a byproduct of alcoholic fermentation?

A

CO2, 2 ATP, and Ethanol

31
Q

Which is more efficient: cellular respiration or fermentation? Why?

A

Cellular Respiration because it produces more ATP molecules.

32
Q

Why is a pyramid shape used to represent energy and biomass?

A

It can represent energy available at every trophic level.

33
Q

How does energy flow through each level of an energy pyramid?

A

As you go up the pyramid the energy level decreases.

34
Q

How do autotrophs acquire energy? Heterotrophs?

A

This light energy provides energy to the producers in that ecosystem (autotrophs). Heterotrophs feed off of autotrophs (producers).

35
Q

Suppose a producer contains 9234 J of energy. How much energy will be consumed by the primary consumer? Secondary consumer? Tertiary consumer?

A

Primary - 923.4 J, Secondary - 92.34 J, and Tertiary - 9.234 J.

36
Q

What are the 4 types of heterotrophs? What do they consume?

A

Herbivores - Plant Eaters, Carnivores - Meat Eaters, Omnivores - Plants and Animals, and Decomposers - Dead and Decaying Stuff.

37
Q

If only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, where does the other 90% go?

A

90% of energy is lost at each energy transfer.

Advanced Composition (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions