Biology Unit 3

Question 1

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis is the process in which organisms use energy from sunlight to make the sugar glucose.

Question 2

What types of organisms do photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Plants, some protists, and some bacteria.

Question 3

What are the parts of the chloroplast?

Answer 3

Thylakoids (Grana - group of Thylakoids) and Stroma.

Question 4

What is chlorophyll and why is it important?

Answer 4

Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light energy. Chlorophyll absorbs the energy from sunlight, and it is transferred to ATP and NADPH, which is necessary for plant growth.

Question 5

How do gasses enter and exit the leaves of plants?

Answer 5

Through the stomata.

Question 6

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 6

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 7

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 7

Glucose and Oxygen

Question 8

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Answer 8

Carbon Dioxide and Water

Question 9

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis and where do they take place?

Answer 9

Light Dependent Reactions - Thylakoids, Light Independent Reactions - Stroma

Question 10

What happens in the light reactions?

Answer 10

Chlorophyll absorbs the energy from sunlight, and it is transferred to ATP and NADPH. Water is split and oxygen is released.

Question 11

What is produced in the light reactions that go into the Calvin cycle?

Answer 11

Carbon Dioxide (ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions).

Question 12

What happens in the Calvin cycle?

Answer 12

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy from light-dependent reactions (ATP and NADPH) are used to make the sugar glucose (C6H12O6).

Question 13

Why is photosynthesis important?

Answer 13

Photosynthesis is necessary for plant growth by using its resources to produce energy.

Question 14

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 14

Cellular respiration is the main process that converts glucose into ATP.

Question 15

Which organisms do cellular respiration?

Answer 15

Plants, Animals, and all other Eukaryotes

Question 16

What is ATP?

Answer 16

ATP is the energy carrying molecule of cells.

Question 17

What are the parts of a mitochondrion?

Answer 17

The Inner Membrane, the Cytoplasm, and the Matrix.

Question 18

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 18

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 –> 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP

Question 19

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Answer 19

Glucose and Oxygen

Question 20

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Answer 20

Carbon Dioxide and Water

Question 21

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration? Where do they take place?

Answer 21

Glycolysis - Cytoplasm, Kreb’s Cycle - Inner Membrane, and Electron Transport Chain (ETC) - The Matrix.

Question 22

What happens during glycolysis?

Answer 22

Glucose is broken down into 2 pieces (pyruvate) that enter the Krebs cycle and a little ATP is made. Electrons go to ETC.

Question 23

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

Answer 23

The rest of glucose is broken down and electrons that are extracted go to the ETC. A little ATP is made.

Question 24

What happens during the electron transport chain?

Answer 24

Energy is transferred to a chain of proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The proteins use the energy to pump hydrogen ions against the membrane. ATP is created and water is formed.

Question 25

What are the molecules that carry electrons to the electron transport chain?

Answer 25

NADH and FADH2

Question 26

How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis? Krebs cycle? ETC?

Answer 26

Glycolysis - 2, Kreb’s Cycle - 2, and ETC - 32-36

Question 27

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 27

Aerobic requires oxygen, anaerobic does not require oxygen.

Question 28

What types of organisms do anaerobic respiration?

Answer 28

Bacteria, Animals, and Yeast

Question 29

What is a byproduct of lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 29

2 ATP and 2 Lactic Acid (Lactate)

Question 30

What is a byproduct of alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 30

CO2, 2 ATP, and Ethanol

Question 31

Which is more efficient: cellular respiration or fermentation? Why?

Answer 31

Cellular Respiration because it produces more ATP molecules.

Question 32

Why is a pyramid shape used to represent energy and biomass?

Answer 32

It can represent energy available at every trophic level.

Question 33

How does energy flow through each level of an energy pyramid?

Answer 33

As you go up the pyramid the energy level decreases.

Question 34

How do autotrophs acquire energy? Heterotrophs?

Answer 34

This light energy provides energy to the producers in that ecosystem (autotrophs). Heterotrophs feed off of autotrophs (producers).

Question 35

Suppose a producer contains 9234 J of energy. How much energy will be consumed by the primary consumer? Secondary consumer? Tertiary consumer?

Answer 35

Primary - 923.4 J, Secondary - 92.34 J, and Tertiary - 9.234 J.

Question 36

What are the 4 types of heterotrophs? What do they consume?

Answer 36

Herbivores - Plant Eaters, Carnivores - Meat Eaters, Omnivores - Plants and Animals, and Decomposers - Dead and Decaying Stuff.

Question 37

If only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, where does the other 90% go?

Answer 37

90% of energy is lost at each energy transfer.