Biology Unit 2 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Define chemical element

A

a substance that can not be broken down chemically.

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2
Q

List the four elements that form the bulk of body matter.

A

Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon

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3
Q

List the subatomic particles

A

Proton, Neutron, Electron

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4
Q

Describe the relative charges of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

A

Protons are positive
Neutrons are neutral
Electrons are negative

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5
Q

Describe the positions of the subatomic particles in the atom.

A

Protons and Neutrons are in the nucleus and electrons float around outside.

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6
Q

T or F Chemical reactions involve the interaction of electrons to make and break chemical bonds.

A

T

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7
Q

Describe ionic bonds

A

Ionic is the stealing of electrons from atom to atom
Cation = positive
Anion=negative

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8
Q

Describe covalent bonds

A

Covalent is the sharing of electrons from atom to atom

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9
Q

Describe hydrogen bonds

A

A hydrogen bond is an attraction between bonded hydrogen and another electronegative atom.

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10
Q

Contrast the relative strengths of covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds.

A

Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds and ionic bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds.

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11
Q

Describe a chemical reaction. Be able to recognize the reactants and the products.

A

A chemical reaction is a cause for a change in a substance. The substance becomes a new substance.

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12
Q

Explain the concept of pH and the pH scale.

A

pH is a measure of H+ concentration on log scale.
7=neutral
pH>7 = base
pH<7 = acidic

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13
Q

What is the pH of pure water?

A

pH7

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14
Q

What is the pH of blood?

A

pH7.35–7.45

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15
Q

What is the pH of hydrochloric acid?

A

pH1

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16
Q

Describe the function of carbohydrates.

A

Carbohydrates are used for energy and structure.

17
Q

Give an example of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide.

A

Monosaccharide: glucose
Disaccharide: sucrose
polysaccharide: glycogen

18
Q

draw a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide molecule

A

Check review sheet

19
Q

Describe the function of lipids.

A

Lipids move and store energy, absorb vitamins, and make hormones.

20
Q

Identify the three main types of lipids and draw their molecular structure.

A
  1. fats
  2. phospholipids
  3. steroids
    check review sheet for the drawing
21
Q

Describe the functions of a protien.

A

Start a chemical reaction, structure, storage, transport, regulation/homeostasis, receptors, movement, and defense.

22
Q

Identify the subunit of a protein.

A

amino acids.

23
Q

List the four main parts of an amino acid.

A

the amino group, the carboxyl group, the R group, and the Hydrogen atom.

24
Q

Describe the importance of the R group in an amino acid.

A

The R group changes to make amino acids different.

25
Q

Describe the structure and function of DNA.

A

DNA looks like a twisted ladder, and it holds instructions for an organism to develop and survive.
-A T-
-T A-
-G C-
-C G-

26
Q

Describe the structure and function of RNA

A

RNA is a single strand twisted ladder and carries messages from the DNA to the cytoplasm. It contains Uracil instead of Thymine.
-A U-
-T A-
-G C-
-C G-

27
Q

Explain the importance of ATP in the body.

A

ATP generates energy for the body.