Biology Unit 2 Test Flashcards
Define chemical element
a substance that can not be broken down chemically.
List the four elements that form the bulk of body matter.
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
List the subatomic particles
Proton, Neutron, Electron
Describe the relative charges of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Protons are positive
Neutrons are neutral
Electrons are negative
Describe the positions of the subatomic particles in the atom.
Protons and Neutrons are in the nucleus and electrons float around outside.
T or F Chemical reactions involve the interaction of electrons to make and break chemical bonds.
T
Describe ionic bonds
Ionic is the stealing of electrons from atom to atom
Cation = positive
Anion=negative
Describe covalent bonds
Covalent is the sharing of electrons from atom to atom
Describe hydrogen bonds
A hydrogen bond is an attraction between bonded hydrogen and another electronegative atom.
Contrast the relative strengths of covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds.
Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds and ionic bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds.
Describe a chemical reaction. Be able to recognize the reactants and the products.
A chemical reaction is a cause for a change in a substance. The substance becomes a new substance.
Explain the concept of pH and the pH scale.
pH is a measure of H+ concentration on log scale.
7=neutral
pH>7 = base
pH<7 = acidic
What is the pH of pure water?
pH7
What is the pH of blood?
pH7.35–7.45
What is the pH of hydrochloric acid?
pH1
Describe the function of carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are used for energy and structure.
Give an example of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide.
Monosaccharide: glucose
Disaccharide: sucrose
polysaccharide: glycogen
draw a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide molecule
Check review sheet
Describe the function of lipids.
Lipids move and store energy, absorb vitamins, and make hormones.
Identify the three main types of lipids and draw their molecular structure.
- fats
- phospholipids
- steroids
check review sheet for the drawing
Describe the functions of a protien.
Start a chemical reaction, structure, storage, transport, regulation/homeostasis, receptors, movement, and defense.
Identify the subunit of a protein.
amino acids.
List the four main parts of an amino acid.
the amino group, the carboxyl group, the R group, and the Hydrogen atom.
Describe the importance of the R group in an amino acid.
The R group changes to make amino acids different.
Describe the structure and function of DNA.
DNA looks like a twisted ladder, and it holds instructions for an organism to develop and survive.
-A T-
-T A-
-G C-
-C G-
Describe the structure and function of RNA
RNA is a single strand twisted ladder and carries messages from the DNA to the cytoplasm. It contains Uracil instead of Thymine.
-A U-
-T A-
-G C-
-C G-
Explain the importance of ATP in the body.
ATP generates energy for the body.
