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AQA UNIT 2 SCIENCE > BIOLOGY UNIT 2 > Flashcards

BIOLOGY UNIT 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

nucleus

A

contains genetic material and controls the cells activities

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2
Q

cytoplasm

A

chemical reactions take place

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

control movements in and out of cell

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4
Q

mitochondria

A

where energy is released during aerobic respiration

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5
Q

ribosomes

A

where protein synthesis takes place

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6
Q

chloroplasts

A

contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

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7
Q

cell wall

A

made of cellulose which supports the cell

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8
Q

permanent vacuole

A

contains cell sap

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9
Q

bacteria

A

do not have a nucleus
the genetic material is in the cytoplasm
when bacteria multiply they form a colony

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10
Q

diffusion

A

spreading out of particles across areas of high to low concentration

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11
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells with similar structure and function

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12
Q

muscle tissue

A

contracts to bring about movement

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13
Q

glandular tissue

A

secrete produces substances such as enzymes or hormones

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14
Q

xylem and phloem

A

transport substances around the plant

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15
Q

word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water — glucose + oxygen

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16
Q

conditions plants need to grow

A

light, carbon dioxide, water and kept at a suitable temperature
-if any of these factors are not met-
then they will be limiting factors

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17
Q

what is glucose from photosynthesis used for?

A

converted into insoluble starch for storage
use for respiration
converted into fats and oils for storage
used to produce proteins
used to produce cellulose-which strengthens cell walls

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18
Q

quadrat

A

square frame made of metal or wood
used in sampling
used to estimate number of (for example- daisies in a field)

19
Q

transect

A

a line across a habitat where the number of organisms can be seen and recorded at regular intervals along it

20
Q

repeatable

A

if the original experimenter repeats the investigation using the same method and equipment and gets the same results

21
Q

reproducible

A

if the investigation is repeated by another person OR by using different equipment/techniques and you still get the same results

22
Q

protein molecules

A

long chains of amino acids

23
Q

enzymes

A

biological catalysts- they speed up reactions
large proteins and the shape of the enzyme is vital for its function- it has an area where other molecules can fit - the active site

24
Q

amylase

A

produced by
salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
digestion of starch into sugars

25
Q

protease

A

produced by
stomach, pancreas and small intestine
breakdown of proteins into amino acids

26
Q

lipase

A

produced by
pancreas and small intestine
breakdown of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

27
Q

bile

A

the liver produces bile and it is stored in the gall bladder

the bile is alkaline so neutralises the stomach acid helping the enzymes work better

28
Q

biological detergents

A

contain proteases and lipases that digest food stains

29
Q

the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose+oxygen —carbon dioxide + water

30
Q

what happens when you exercise?

A

your body needs to increase the rate at which oxygen and glucose reach the muscle cells
the heart rate increases and the blood vessels supplying the muscles dilate (widen)
your breathing rate and depth of each breath also increases

31
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

without or not enough oxygen

lactic acid gets produced which causes fatigue

32
Q

MITosis

A

making identical two- no fusing of gametes

33
Q

MEiosis

A

making eggs- fusing of gametes

34
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialised

found in human embryo and in adult bone marrow

35
Q

gregor mendel

A

worked out how characteristics are inherited

genes make up the chromosomes, which control our characteristics

36
Q

how many chromosomes do we have?

A

23

37
Q

alleles

A

genes controlling the same characteristics

38
Q

phenotype

A

physical apperance of the characteristic

39
Q

genetype

A

the genetic make up

40
Q

polydactyly

A

where a baby is born with extra fingers or toes

41
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

caused by a recessive allele

thick sticky mucus on lungs and pancreas

42
Q

extinction

A

a species which once existed has completely dies out

43
Q

speciation

A

has occurred when the two populations can no longer successfully interbreed

AQA UNIT 2 SCIENCE (1 decks)

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