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Gcse Revision > Biology Unit 2 > Flashcards

Biology Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two groups animals can be divided into?

A

Vertebrates: Animals with a backbone
Invertebrates: Animals without a backbone

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2
Q

What two groups can plants be divided into?

A

Flowering and Non-flowering

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3
Q

What are the groups within invertebrates?

A

Sea anenomaes and jellyfish
Starfish and sea urchins
Worms
Molluses
Anthropods

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4
Q

What groups can vertebrates be split into?

A

Reptiles
Amphibians
Birds
Mammals
Fish

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5
Q

Explain the binomial naming system

A

The first name is the generic name and this is the genus to which the organism belongs
The second name is the specific name and this is the species

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6
Q

Why does an organism need a scientific name?

A

It is universal and the same in all languages

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7
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of different species in an area
Includes number of different species and how many in each of these species

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8
Q

Why is biodiversity important?

A

Provides food, potential foods, industrial materials, new medicines and for human well being

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9
Q

What are threats to biodiversity?

A

Habitat destruction
Invading species
Population increase
Pollution
Over exploitation

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10
Q

Describe the capture recapture method

A

Take a sample of the population
Mark each item
Put the items back into the population and ensure they are thoroughly mixed
Take a second sample and count how many of your sample are marked

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11
Q

What is biological control?

A

Using one organism to keep the numbers of another under control
E.g ladybirds can be used to get rid of aphids.

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12
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The ability of the body to maintain a constant internal environment

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13
Q

Why is homeostasis important?

A

Metabolism operates only within a narrow range of temperature and pH and requires appropriate nutrients and water.

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14
Q

How does sweating work?

A

When you are too hot you will sweat. Sweat is produced by the sweat glands and travels up the sweat ducts and out of the sweat pores onto the surface. Here it will evaporate, taking excess body heat with it. Your body uses this mechanism to cool down.

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15
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

When you are too hot, Blood vessels in the skin dilate to allow blood flow close to the surface and radiate heat.

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16
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

When you are too cold, blood vessels in the skin constrict to keep blood deeper under the skin away from the surface and less heat is radiated.

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17
Q

Erection of hairs when too hot

A

The hair erector muscle relaxes, lowering the hair. A thin insulating layer is trapped above the skin. More heat is lost to the surroundings.

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18
Q

Erection of hairs when too cold

A

The hair erection muscle contracts raising the hairs. The hairs trap a layer of air around the body and insulate the body, keeping it warm.

19
Q

How does shivering work?

A

Shivering is caused by involuntary contractions of the muscles. Muscle contractions require energy from which releases heat. This heat is used to warm the body.

20
Q

What are the sense organs and their functions?

A

Eyes: vision- detecting changes in light
Ears: hearing- detecting vibrations
Balance- changes in position
Nose: smell- interpreting chemicals
Tongue: taste- interpreting chemicals
Skin: feel- detecting changes in temperature or pressure

21
Q

What do the sense organs do?

A

Sense organs as groups have receptor cells which respond to specific stimuli and then relay this information as electrical impulses along neurons to the central nervous system

22
Q

Why does our body need to react quickly?

A

Sometimes we need to react very quickly often to prevent harm or injury.

23
Q

How do reflexes protect us?

A

Reflexes are fast and automatic to prevent harm/ injury
-Blinking
- Pupils dialating
-withdrawal reflex

24
Q

What is the sclera (part of the eye)

A

Protective tough white outer coat of the eye

25
Q

What is the cornea (part of the eye)

A

Clear part of the sclera allows light to enter and refracts light entering

26
Q

What is the pupil (part of the eye)

A

Hole in the centre of the iris which allows light to enter

27
Q

What is the iris (part of the eye)

A

Muscles that alter size of pupil to control light entering.

28
Q

What is the lens ( part of the eye)

A

Changes shape to focus light onto retina

29
Q

What is the choroid (part of the eye)

A

A pigmented layer which absorbs light to prevent reflection also contains blood vessels.

30
Q

What is the retina (part of the eye)

A

Light sensitive layer, an image formed here, impulses sent to optic nerve

31
Q

What is the blind spot (part of the eye)

A

Where the optic nerve leaves the eye, there are no light sensitive cells here.

32
Q

What is the optic nerve (part of the eye)

A

Carries impulses from retina to brain

33
Q

What controls blood sugar?

A

The blood glucose concentration of the body is monitored and controlled by the pancreas.

34
Q

What two hormones control the level of blood glucose?

A

Insulin and Glucagon

35
Q

How does insulin help to control the level of blood glucose?

A
  • Removal of glucose from the bloodstream
  • Conversion of glucose (soluble) to glycogen (insoluble) which is stored in the liver
  • Increases the use of glucose in respiration
36
Q

How does glucagon help to control the level of blood sugar?

A

Stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen into glucose

37
Q

What is Hypoglycaemia?

A

Blood glucose levels drop dangerously low
hypO—> low

38
Q

What is hyperglycaemia?

A

When blood glucose levels get too high

39
Q

What can the incorrect blood glucose levels cause?

A

-Disorientation
-loss of consciousness
-fall into coma
-death

40
Q

Describe type one diabetes

A

Insulin dependent
Caused by the inability to produce insulin or a severe deficiency of insulin in the body
Usually begins in childhood
Develops very quickly and symptoms are usually obvious

41
Q

What are symptoms of diabetes?

A

High blood glucose
Presence of glucose in urine
Increased thirst and hunger
Need to urinate excessively
Thrush
Tiredness
Weight loss
Blurred vision

42
Q

How is diabetes diagnosed?

A

Doctors diagnose diabetes by the presence of sugar in urine
Multistix are testing sticks with a sample area that changes colour when dipped in urine.
Dark blue/purple if glucose is present
Pink/red if glucose is absent. This colour change can be used to measure how much blood is in the urine.

43
Q

What are plant tropisms?

A

-Plants need light and water for photosynthesis
-they have developed responses called tropisms to help make sure they grow towards sources of light and water
Positive tropism is when a plant grows towards the stimulus.

Gcse Revision (3 decks)

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