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bible verses > Biology Unit 1 Terms > Flashcards

Biology Unit 1 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Biodiversity

A

the number and variety of

species and ecosystems on Earth

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2
Q

Species

A

all organisms capable of
breeding freely with each other under
natural conditions

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3
Q

Hybridization

A

the cross-breeding of two

different species

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4
Q

Morphology

A

the physical appearance
and characteristics of an organism; also
the science of the study of these physical
characteristics

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5
Q

Genetic diversity

A

the genetic variability
among organisms; usually referring to
individuals of the same species

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6
Q

Heterotroph

A

an organism that obtains
energy-rich nutrients by consuming living
or dead organisms

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7
Q

Autotroph

A

an organism that uses sources
of energy to produce nutrients from water,
gases, and/or minerals

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8
Q

Species diversity

A

a measure of diversity
that takes into account the quantity of
each species present, as well as the
variety of different species present

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9
Q

Structural diversity

A

the range of physical
shapes and sizes within a habitat or
ecosystem

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10
Q

Biological classification

A

the systematic
grouping of organisms into biological
categories based on physical and
evolutionary relationships

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11
Q

Taxonomy

A

the science of classifying all
organisms; taxonomists classify both living
and fossil species

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12
Q

Genus

A

a taxonomic level consisting of a

group of similar species

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13
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A 
the formal
system of naming species whereby each
species is assigned a genus name followed
by a specific name; the two words taken
together form the species name
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14
Q

Taxon

A

a category used to classify

organisms

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15
Q

Kingdom

A

the highest taxonomic level
of the traditional Linnaean system of
classification

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16
Q

Dichotomous key

A

a series of branching,
two-part statements used to identify
organisms (or objects)

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17
Q

Phylogeny

A

the study of the evolutionary

relatedness between, and among, species

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18
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

a diagram depicting
the evolutionary relationships between
different species or groups

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19
Q

Clade

A

a taxonomic group that includes
a single common ancestor and all its
descendants

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20
Q

Prokaryote

A

a single-celled organism
that does not contain membrane-bound
organelles

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21
Q

Eukaryote

A

any organism whose cells
contain organelles; some eukaryotic
organisms are single-celled, while others
are multicellular

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22
Q

Domain

A

the highest taxonomic level;

there are three domains of life

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23
Q

Pathogen

A

a disease-causing agent, often

a virus or micro-organism

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24
Q

Mutualism

A

m a relationship between two
species that live in very close association
with each other, whereby each benefi ts
from the association

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25
Q

Antibiotic

A

a substance that can kill or
weaken micro-organisms; natural antibiotics
are produced by bacteria or fungi, whereas
synthetic antibiotics are manufactured

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26
Q

Plasmid

A

a small loop of DNA often found
in prokaryotic cells; usually contains a
small number of genes

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27
Q

Capsule

A

an outer layer on some bacteria;

provides some protection for the cell

28
Q

Coccus

A

a round bacterial cell

29
Q

Bacillus

A

a rod-shaped bacterial cell

30
Q

Spirillum

A

a spiral or corkscrew-shaped

bacterial cell

31
Q

Obligate aerobe

A

an organism that cannot

survive without oxygen

32
Q

Facultative aerobe

A

an organism that can

live with or without oxygen

33
Q

Fermentation

A

an anaerobic process that

releases chemical energy from food

34
Q

Obligate anaerobe

A

an organism that

cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

35
Q

Binary fission

A

n the division of one parent
cell into two genetically identical daughter
cells; a form of asexual reproduction

36
Q

Conjugation

A

a form of sexual
reproduction in which two cells join to
exchange genetic information

37
Q

Endospore

A

a dormant structure that
forms inside certain bacteria in response
to stress; protects the cell’s chromosome
from damage

38
Q

Virus

A

a small infectious particle
containing genetic material in the form
of DNA or RNA within a protein capsule

39
Q

Capsid

A

a protein coat that surrounds

the DNA or RNA of a virus

40
Q

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A

a nucleic acid
found in all cells and some viruses; usually
carries genetic information that provides
instructions for synthesizing protein

41
Q

Bacteriophage

A

a virus that infects

bacteria

42
Q

Lysis

A

the rupturing of a cell; can occur
when newly made viruses are released
from a host cell

43
Q

Lysogeny

A

a state of dormancy in which
viral DNA may remain within a host cell’s
chromosome for many cell cycle generations

44
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

a relationship in which
a single-celled organism lives within the
cell(s) of another organism; recent fi ndings
suggest this may be very common

45
Q

Haploid

A

a cell containing half the usual

complement of chromosomes

46
Q

Zygote

A

a cell produced by the fusion of

two gametes

47
Q

Diploid

A

a cell containing two copies of

each chromosome

48
Q

Sporophyte

A

a diploid organism that
produces haploid spores in an alternation
of generations life cycle

49
Q

Spore

A

a haploid reproductive structure;
usually a single cell; capable of growing
into a new individual

50
Q

Gametophyte

A

a haploid organism
that produces haploid sex cells in an
alternation of generations life cycle

51
Q

Alternation of generation

A

a life cycle in
which diploid individuals produce spores
that create haploid individuals; the haploid
individuals reproduce sexually, producing
sporophyte individuals and completing the
cycle

52
Q

Mycellium

A

a branched mass of hyphae

53
Q

Hypha

A

a thin fi lament that makes up the

body of a fungus

54
Q

Chitin

A

a complex chemical found in the
cell walls of fungi and in the external
coverings of insects and crustaceans such
as lobsters and crabs

55
Q

Dikaryotic

A

containing two separate nuclei

56
Q

Mycorrhiza

A

a symbiotic relationship

between a fungus and a plant root

57
Q

Bryophyte

A

a small seedless plant that

lacks vascular tissue

58
Q

Pterophyte

A

a seedless vascular plant;

ferns are examples of pterophytes

59
Q

Gymnosperm

A

a vascular plant that
produces seeds in special structures
called cones; gymnosperms are a major
plant group

60
Q

Angiosperm

A

a plant that produces
flowers; angiosperms form the largest
group of living plants

61
Q

Radial symmetry

A

symmetry around a central axis

62
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

symmetry around a midline

63
Q

Vertebrate

A

an animal with a backbone or

a notochord

64
Q

Notochord

A

a flexible rod found in some
chordates; in most modern chordates it is
replaced by vertebrae during embryonic
development

65
Q

Invertebrate

A

an animal that does not
have a backbone; the great majority of
animal species are invertebrates

66
Q

Germ layer

A

one of three layers that form
during early embryonic development in
most animals

67
Q

Coelom

A

a body cavity present in some
animals; contains the animal’s internal
organs

bible verses (3 decks)

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