Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

bible verses > Biology Unit 1 Terms > Flashcards

Biology Unit 1 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Biodiversity

A

the number and variety of

species and ecosystems on Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Species

A

all organisms capable of
breeding freely with each other under
natural conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hybridization

A

the cross-breeding of two

different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Morphology

A

the physical appearance
and characteristics of an organism; also
the science of the study of these physical
characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Genetic diversity

A

the genetic variability
among organisms; usually referring to
individuals of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Heterotroph

A

an organism that obtains
energy-rich nutrients by consuming living
or dead organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Autotroph

A

an organism that uses sources
of energy to produce nutrients from water,
gases, and/or minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Species diversity

A

a measure of diversity
that takes into account the quantity of
each species present, as well as the
variety of different species present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Structural diversity

A

the range of physical
shapes and sizes within a habitat or
ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Biological classification

A

the systematic
grouping of organisms into biological
categories based on physical and
evolutionary relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Taxonomy

A

the science of classifying all
organisms; taxonomists classify both living
and fossil species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Genus

A

a taxonomic level consisting of a

group of similar species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A 
the formal
system of naming species whereby each
species is assigned a genus name followed
by a specific name; the two words taken
together form the species name
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Taxon

A

a category used to classify

organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kingdom

A

the highest taxonomic level
of the traditional Linnaean system of
classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dichotomous key

A

a series of branching,
two-part statements used to identify
organisms (or objects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phylogeny

A

the study of the evolutionary

relatedness between, and among, species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

a diagram depicting
the evolutionary relationships between
different species or groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Clade

A

a taxonomic group that includes
a single common ancestor and all its
descendants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Prokaryote

A

a single-celled organism
that does not contain membrane-bound
organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Eukaryote

A

any organism whose cells
contain organelles; some eukaryotic
organisms are single-celled, while others
are multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Domain

A

the highest taxonomic level;

there are three domains of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pathogen

A

a disease-causing agent, often

a virus or micro-organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mutualism

A

m a relationship between two
species that live in very close association
with each other, whereby each benefi ts
from the association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Antibiotic
a substance that can kill or weaken micro-organisms; natural antibiotics are produced by bacteria or fungi, whereas synthetic antibiotics are manufactured
26
Plasmid
a small loop of DNA often found in prokaryotic cells; usually contains a small number of genes
27
Capsule
an outer layer on some bacteria; | provides some protection for the cell
28
Coccus
a round bacterial cell
29
Bacillus
a rod-shaped bacterial cell
30
Spirillum
a spiral or corkscrew-shaped | bacterial cell
31
Obligate aerobe
an organism that cannot | survive without oxygen
32
Facultative aerobe
an organism that can | live with or without oxygen
33
Fermentation
an anaerobic process that | releases chemical energy from food
34
Obligate anaerobe
an organism that | cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
35
Binary fission
n the division of one parent cell into two genetically identical daughter cells; a form of asexual reproduction
36
Conjugation
a form of sexual reproduction in which two cells join to exchange genetic information
37
Endospore
a dormant structure that forms inside certain bacteria in response to stress; protects the cell’s chromosome from damage
38
Virus
a small infectious particle containing genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA within a protein capsule
39
Capsid
a protein coat that surrounds | the DNA or RNA of a virus
40
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
a nucleic acid found in all cells and some viruses; usually carries genetic information that provides instructions for synthesizing protein
41
Bacteriophage
a virus that infects | bacteria
42
Lysis
the rupturing of a cell; can occur when newly made viruses are released from a host cell
43
Lysogeny
a state of dormancy in which viral DNA may remain within a host cell’s chromosome for many cell cycle generations
44
Endosymbiosis
a relationship in which a single-celled organism lives within the cell(s) of another organism; recent fi ndings suggest this may be very common
45
Haploid
a cell containing half the usual | complement of chromosomes
46
Zygote
a cell produced by the fusion of | two gametes
47
Diploid
a cell containing two copies of | each chromosome
48
Sporophyte
a diploid organism that produces haploid spores in an alternation of generations life cycle
49
Spore
a haploid reproductive structure; usually a single cell; capable of growing into a new individual
50
Gametophyte
a haploid organism that produces haploid sex cells in an alternation of generations life cycle
51
Alternation of generation
a life cycle in which diploid individuals produce spores that create haploid individuals; the haploid individuals reproduce sexually, producing sporophyte individuals and completing the cycle
52
Mycellium
a branched mass of hyphae
53
Hypha
a thin fi lament that makes up the | body of a fungus
54
Chitin
a complex chemical found in the cell walls of fungi and in the external coverings of insects and crustaceans such as lobsters and crabs
55
Dikaryotic
containing two separate nuclei
56
Mycorrhiza
a symbiotic relationship | between a fungus and a plant root
57
Bryophyte
a small seedless plant that | lacks vascular tissue
58
Pterophyte
a seedless vascular plant; | ferns are examples of pterophytes
59
Gymnosperm
a vascular plant that produces seeds in special structures called cones; gymnosperms are a major plant group
60
Angiosperm
a plant that produces flowers; angiosperms form the largest group of living plants
61
Radial symmetry
symmetry around a central axis
62
Bilateral symmetry
symmetry around a midline
63
Vertebrate
an animal with a backbone or | a notochord
64
Notochord
a flexible rod found in some chordates; in most modern chordates it is replaced by vertebrae during embryonic development
65
Invertebrate
an animal that does not have a backbone; the great majority of animal species are invertebrates
66
Germ layer
one of three layers that form during early embryonic development in most animals
67
Coelom
a body cavity present in some animals; contains the animal’s internal organs

bible verses (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions